Vacuum expectation values drive symmetry breaking and the generation of mass
Vacuum expectation values are a cornerstone of modern particle physics, where they trigger spontaneous symmetry breaking and impart mass to fundamental particles via mechanisms such as the Higgs field.
The retrieved literature, particularly theoretical reviews like [5] and model analyses like [8], robustly supports the established physics principle that non-zero vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of scalar fields drive spontaneous symmetry breaking and are directly responsible for the generation of mass in the Standard Model.
Bhattacharjee D, Samal P, Bhattacharya S. Geometric Structure and Renormalization Group Flow in Chiral Yang–Mills–Higgs Theory. 2026. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202602.2022.v1
Paper [5] outlines how the scalar Higgs doublet's vacuum expectation value induces spontaneous symmetry breaking and mass generation through the Higgs mechanism in the Standard Model.
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Aslam MW, Zafar AA, Aslam MN, Bhatti AA, Hussain T, Iqbal M, Abdo MS. Particle swarm optimization based analysis to unlocking the neutrino mass puzzle using [Formula: see text] flavor symmetry.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81791-3
Paper [8] investigates scalar potentials for vacuum expectation values (VEVs) and utilizes symmetry frameworks to study mass generation and mixing parameters in particle physics.
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