Coordinate covalent bonds form through the donation of an electron pair
Coordinate covalent bonds (also known as dative bonds) form through the donation of an electron pair from a Lewis base donor to a Lewis acid acceptor.
The retrieved papers consistently describe coordinate or dative covalent bonds as originating from the donation of an electron pair (such as lone pairs or sigma/s-orbital electron pairs) from a donor species to an acceptor species. The evidence strongly supports the claim without contradiction.
E. Broclawik, J. Zalucka, P. Kozyra, M. Mitoraj, J. Datka. Formaldehyde activation by Cu(I) and Ag(I) sites in ZSM-5: ETS-NOCV analysis of charge transfer processes. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2010.08.020
The analysis details the formation of coordinate bonds through lone pair donation from ligands to metal sites.
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Augustine Obeng, J. Autschbach. How Much Electron Donation Is There In Transition Metal Complexes? A Computational Study.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00404
The study investigates dative (coordinate) covalent interactions in transition metal complexes, characterized by ligand-to-metal and metal-to-ligand electron donation.
I. Anusiewicz, Dawid Faron, P. Skurski, J. Simons. Unusual and Conventional Dative Bond Formation by s2-Lone Pair Donation from Alkaline Earth Metal Atoms to BH3, AlH3, and GaH3.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03432
The research examines bonding arising from the donation of an electron pair from alkaline earth atoms into vacant orbitals of group 13 hydrides to form datively bound molecules.
Kushvaha SK, Karnamkkott HS, Mondal S, Stark PAM, Arumugam S, Joshi PC, Gorantla SMNVT, Herbst-Irmer R, Mondal KC, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Bis-Dichlorosilyl Functionalized C<sub>4</sub>-Cumulene With Unique Bonding Scenario.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501556
The energy decomposition analysis confirms the presence of dative covalent sigma bonds involving electron pair donation between molecular fragments.
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