Double-stranded RNA exists naturally within eukaryotic cells
Multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm that double-stranded RNA exists naturally inside eukaryotic cells, originating from sources such as repetitive genomic elements, retrotransposons, and mitochondrial transcription.
The retrieved papers consistently report the natural presence of endogenous double-stranded RNA within eukaryotic cells, including mitochondrial transcripts and transcribed repetitive elements like Alu sequences. Therefore, the claim is strongly supported by empirical evidence.
Shaymaa Sadeq, Surar Al-Hashimi, Carmen M. Cusack, Andreas Werner. Endogenous Double-Stranded RNA. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7010015
Paper 3 discusses how endogenous double-stranded RNA, arising from repetitive elements and retroviruses, naturally exists and is sequestered within eukaryotic cells.
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Max Heinrich, Caroline A. Purcell, A. Pruijssers, Yang Zhao, Charles F. Spurlock, S. Sriram, Kristen M. Ogden, T. Dermody, Matthew B. Scholz, P. Crooke, John Karijolich, T. Aune. Endogenous double-stranded Alu RNA elements stimulate IFN-responses in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2019.02.003
Paper 4 identifies endogenous double-stranded Alu RNA elements transcribed from human leukocyte enhancers.
Ji-Su Yoon, Daesong Jang, Myung-Chul Kim, Joon Paek, Rehae C. Miller, Beatriz Veronese, R. Alvarado, A. Thatayatikom, Yoo-Ree Kim, Seunghee Cha. Diminished SUV3 expression and its functional implications in the IFN-enriched monocyte subset of childhood Sjögren's Disease.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaf193
Paper 7 describes the accumulation of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs within eukaryotic cells due to bidirectional transcription and homeostatic decay processes.
Yoosik Kim, Joha Park, Sujin Kim, MinA Kim, Myeong-Gyun Kang, Chulhwan Kwak, Minjeong Kang, Baekgyu Kim, Hyun-Woo Rhee, V Narry Kim. PKR Senses Nuclear and Mitochondrial Signals by Interacting with Endogenous Double-Stranded RNAs.. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.029
Paper 10 demonstrates that endogenous noncoding RNAs and mitochondrial RNAs form intermolecular double-stranded RNAs within normal eukaryotic cells.
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