Kelvin waves determine ocean surface temperature variations
Oceanic Kelvin waves play a critical role in driving subsurface and surface temperature variations, such as thermocline adjustments and marine heatwaves in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
The retrieved papers consistently support the claim that Kelvin waves significantly influence ocean temperature variations, notably through thermocline shifts, El Niño-Southern Oscillation dynamics, and associated coastal marine heatwaves.
Toshiaki Shinoda, Paul E. Roundy, George N. Kiladis. Variability of Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3815.1
Paper 0 examines how intraseasonal Kelvin waves propagate and alter upper ocean dynamics in the Pacific.
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Kim JH, Kang D, Yang YM, Park JH, Ham YG. Data-driven global ocean model resolving atmospherically forced ocean dynamics.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed1225
Paper 2 demonstrates that data-driven ocean models successfully simulate Kelvin wave propagation and related oceanic responses.
Tian F, Zhang RH, Liu C, Guan C. Rainfall sustains multiyear La Niña.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68451-y
Paper 6 shows that equatorial Kelvin wave adjustments triggered by salinity anomalies cause rapid surface cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific.
Liu H, Zhang L, McPhaden MJ, Han W, Li H. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole intensifies marine heatwaves in the tropical southeast Atlantic coastal region.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx8525
Paper 7 notes that oceanic Kelvin waves cause thermocline deepening and favor the development of coastal marine heatwaves.
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