Variation in human brain size is related to mental functioning.
Multiple neuroimaging and cognitive studies demonstrate that variations in human brain structure, morphology, and network connectivity are systematically related to cognitive abilities and mental functioning.
The claim posits a relationship between human brain variation (such as size, volume, and structure) and mental functioning. The retrieved papers consistently provide empirical support using structural MRI, functional connectivity, and large-scale cohorts showing that brain morphology and network efficiency relate directly to cognitive performance and intelligence. Therefore, the claim is supported.
Stan L. W. Driessens, A. Galakhova, D. Heyer, Isabel J. Pieterse, R. Wilbers, E. Mertens, Femke Waleboer, Tim S. Heistek, L. Coenen, Julia R Meijer, S. Idema, P. C. de Witt Hamer, D. Noske, Christiaan P. J. de Kock, Brian R. Lee, Kimberly A. Smith, J. Ting, E. Lein, H. Mansvelder, N. Goriounova. Genes associated with cognitive ability and HAR show overlapping expression patterns in human cortical neuron types. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39946-9
Neuronal properties related to intelligence are linked with structural features like dendritic length and gene expression patterns in the human cortex.
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Chunlin Li, Kaini Qiao, Yan Mu, Lili Jiang. Large-Scale Morphological Network Efficiency of Human Brain: Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.605158
Network efficiency in brain morphology correlates with cognitive and emotional intelligence across different age groups.
C. Sripada, Mike Angstadt, S. Rutherford. Towards a “Treadmill Test” for Cognition: Reliable Prediction of Intelligence From Whole-Brain Task Activation Patterns. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1101/412056
Whole-brain task activation patterns and structural features successfully predict general intelligence.
Yan J, Iturria-Medina Y, Bezgin G, Toussaint PJ, Xie K, He L, Chen J, Hilger K, Genç E, Evans AC, Karama S. Comprehensive large-scale analyses reveal association between brain structure and cognitive ability during adolescence.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09831-4
Comprehensive analyses of adolescent brain structure reveal significant associations with general intelligence and cognitive subtests.
He J, Xu G, Zhao J, Wang Y, Lou C, Wu S, Zhan H, Xu H. Sex-related difference of subcortical gray matter volume associated with crystallized intelligence in young adults with obesity.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00850-8
Subcortical gray matter volumes demonstrate significant correlations with crystallized intelligence.
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