The impossibility of a perpetual motion machine follows directly from the laws of thermodynamics, making this claim a matter of common knowledge that requires no citation of specific research papers.
The claim that thermodynamic laws prevent the creation of a perpetually functioning mechanical rover is a foundational and universally accepted consequence of the laws of thermodynamics (specifically the first and second laws regarding energy conservation and entropy). None of the retrieved papers specifically test or evaluate perpetual motion rovers, as this is a textbook application of basic physical laws rather than an active empirical debate. Therefore, this is categorized as common knowledge.