Evidence consistently shows that spaced repetition improves memory retention, learning efficiency, and cognitive outcomes, directly contradicting the claim that it carries distinct cognitive disadvantages.
The retrieved literature (such as papers [1], [2], and [5]) consistently establishes the cognitive benefits of spaced repetition, emphasizing its role in enhancing memory retention, reducing cognitive overload, and improving long-term learning outcomes compared to massed practice or cramming. No retrieved papers provide evidence supporting the existence of distinct cognitive disadvantages associated with spaced repetition. Therefore, the claim is refuted.