Large-scale cross-cultural studies indicate that color-emotion associations, such as linking certain colors to thermal metaphors like warmth and coldness, display strong universal patterns across different languages and nations.
The retrieved papers, particularly Jonauskaite et al. (2020) and (2011), provide direct empirical support for the existence of robust universal color-emotion associations across diverse linguistic and cultural groups. No papers were found that refute this general universality, leaving the evidence one-sided in favor of the claim.