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the claim

The immune system mounts a reaction to newly introduced proteins.

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
8 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that the immune system mounts a reaction to newly introduced proteins?

Yes. Multiple sources and general immunological principles confirm that the immune system detects foreign or newly introduced proteins (such as antigens or neoantigens) and mounts a specific immune reaction against them.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 8 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

Judged against the evidence record for claims of this kind.

Evidence for · 8
Wikipedia: Immune system
Reference article covering this claim directly
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Wikipedia: Immune system. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

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More for · 7
OpenAIRE: Reliability of agglutination test to detect alloantibodies in patients with repeated blood transfusion
2011
Shows that blood transfusion recipients mount an immune response to newly introduced donor antigens.
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OpenAIRE: Reliability of agglutination test to detect alloantibodies in patients with repeated blood transfusion. (2011). OpenAIRE. https://doi.org/10.4314/sjms.v5i4.64501

MHC-II neoantigens shape tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy
2019
Discusses immune responses to tumour neoantigens, which are newly mutated proteins.
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Alspach, E., Lussier, D., Miceli, A. P., Kizhvatov, I., DuPage, M., DuPage, M., Luoma, A. M., Meng, W., Lichti, C. F., Esaulova, E., Vomund, A. N., Runci, D., Ward, J., Gubin, M., Medrano, R. F., Arthur, C., White, J., Sheehan, K., Chen, A. C., Wucherpfennig, K., Jacks, T., Unanue, E., Artyomov, M., & Schreiber, R. (2019). MHC-II neoantigens shape tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1671-8

A reservoir of stem-like CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing anti-tumor immune response
2021
Discusses tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses to neoantigens in a mouse model.
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Connolly, K. A., Kuchroo, M., Venkat, A., Khatun, A., Wang, J., William, I., Hornick, N., Fitzgerald, B., Damo, M., Kasmani, M. Y., Cui, C., Fagerberg, E., Monroy, I., Hutchins, A., Cheung, J. F., Foster, G. G., Mariuzza, D. L., Nader, M., Zhao, H., Cui, W., Krishnaswamy, S., & Joshi, N. S. (2021). A reservoir of stem-like CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing anti-tumor immune response. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abg7836

Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa
2009
Shows that recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein antigens evoke immune responses in humans.
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Black, G., Thiel, B., Ota, M. O. C., Parida, S., Adegbola, R., Boom, W., Boom, W. H., Dockrell, H., Franken, K., Friggen, A. H., Hill, P. C., Klein, M. R., Lalor, M., Mayanja, H., Schoolnik, G., Stanley, K., Weldingh, K., Kaufmann, S., Walzl, G., & Ottenhoff, T. (2009). Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00111-09

The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade
2016
States that neoantigens are mutations encoding proteins that cause the immune system to recognize and attack cells as foreign.
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Riaz, N., Morris, L., Havel, J. J., Makarov, V., Desrichard, A., & Chan, T. A. (2016). The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxw019

Safety and immunogenicity of novel modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored RSV vaccine: A randomized phase I clinical trial.
2020
Demonstrates that a vaccine encoding novel viral surface proteins induces cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Samy, N., Reichhardt, D., Schmidt, D., Chen, L., Silbernagl, G., Vidojkovic, S., Meyer, T., Jordan, E., Adams, T., Weidenthaler, H., Stroukova, D., Carli, S. D., & Chaplin, P. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of novel modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored RSV vaccine: A randomized phase I clinical trial.. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.055

Tumor antigenS heterogeneity and immune response-targeting neoantigens in breast cancer.
2019
Notes that neoantigens generate specific immune reactions because they are absent in healthy tissues.
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Benvenuto, M., Focaccetti, C., Izzi, V., Masuelli, L., Modesti, A., & Bei, R. (2019). Tumor antigenS heterogeneity and immune response-targeting neoantigens in breast cancer.. peer-reviewed literature. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.023

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first checked06 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 9306 Aug 2026
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