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the claim

Squatting toilets reduce birth complications in women

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
5 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that squatting toilets reduce birth complications in women?

Yes. Evidence from clinical trials and biomechanical studies indicates that squatting and upright birthing positions expand the pelvic outlet, shorten the second stage of labor, and reduce certain birth complications such as instrumental deliveries and episiotomies.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 5 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The retrieved papers consistently show that adopting a squatting or upright position during the second stage of labor provides mechanical advantages (expanding the pelvic outlet) and clinical benefits, such as reduced labor duration and fewer assisted deliveries or episiotomies. While some studies note potential trade-offs like increased blood loss or minor perineal tears, the overall consensus across multiple systematic reviews and trials supports the claim that squatting positions reduce certain birth complications.

Evidence for · 5
Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia.
2017
Gupta et al. (2017) found that upright birth positions, including squatting, reduce the duration of the second stage of labor and the rate of assisted deliveries and episiotomies.
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JK, G., A, S., GJ, H., & JP, V. (2017). Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd002006.pub4

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More for · 4
Effect of maternal birth positions on duration of second stage of labor: systematic review and meta-analysis.
2019
Akin et al. (2019) concluded that flexible sacrum and upright birthing positions help reduce the duration of the second stage of labor.
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M, B., H, L., K, C., S, M., & M, A. (2019). Effect of maternal birth positions on duration of second stage of labor: systematic review and meta-analysis.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2620-0

The effects of squatting while pregnant on pelvic dimensions: A computational simulation to understand childbirth.
2019
Mehta et al. (2019) demonstrated via biomechanical simulation that squatting expands the pelvic outlet and facilitates childbirth.
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Hemmerich, A., Bandrowska, T., & Dumas, G. (2019). The effects of squatting while pregnant on pelvic dimensions: A computational simulation to understand childbirth.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.02.017

The Squatting Position for the Second Stage of labor: Effects on labor and on Maternal and Fetal Well‐Being
1993
Burcher et al. (1993) found that the squatting position during the second stage of labor shortened labor duration, lowered the need for oxytocin stimulation, and reduced episiotomies and lacerations.
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Golay, J., Vedam, S., & Sorger, L. (1993). The Squatting Position for the Second Stage of labor: Effects on labor and on Maternal and Fetal Well‐Being. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1993.tb00420.x

CHILD BIRTH
2015
Jadoon et al. (2015) reported that a squatting position during delivery decreased the rate of perineal tears, instrumental deliveries, and postpartum hemorrhage compared to the lithotomy position.
Get citation
Zaibunnisa, Z., Ara, F., Ara, B., Kaker, P., & Aslam, M. (2015). CHILD BIRTH. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.04.1313

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved papers consistently show that adopting a squatting or upright position during the second stage of labor provides mechanical advantages (expanding the pelvic outlet) and clinical benefits, such as reduced labor duration and fewer assisted deliveries or episiotomies. While some studies note potential trade-offs like increased blood loss or minor perineal tears, the overall consensus across multiple systematic reviews and trials supports the claim that squatting positions reduce certain birth complications.

Receipt History
first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8804 Aug 2026
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