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the claim

Quantum mechanical randomness is the result of hidden local variables

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 4 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that quantum mechanical randomness is the result of hidden local variables?

No. Extensive experimental tests of Bell's theorem and quantum nonlocality consistently violate Bell inequalities, refuting the hypothesis that quantum mechanical randomness is governed by local hidden variables.

Verdict: REFUTED · 0 sources for, 4 against · Last checked

The analysis

Bell's theorem and subsequent loophole-free experimental tests (such as violations of Bell and Hardy inequalities) have consistently demonstrated that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden variable theories. While a minority of papers discuss alternative formulations like contextuality or measurement-dependence (e.g., papers [1], [4], [7]), standard local realism is overwhelmingly refuted by decisive experimental evidence.

Evidence against · 4
Violation of local realism with freedom of choice.
2010
The authors perform an experiment that violates Bell's inequality while closing the locality loophole, concluding that such violations require stochastic local realism or nondeterminism rather than classical local hidden variables.
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T, S., R, U., J, K., S, R., XS, M., T, H., L, R., A, F., NK, L., T, J., & A, Z. (2010). Violation of local realism with freedom of choice.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002780107

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More against · 3
Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism via Hardy's Violation.
2024
This paper experimentally demonstrates Hardy's nonlocality in a loophole-free manner, providing affirmative empirical evidence against local realism.
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Zhao, S., Zhao, S., Dong, H., Liu, W., Chen, J., Chen, K., Zhang, Q., & Pan, J. (2024). Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism via Hardy's Violation.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.060201

Observation of quantum nonlocality in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on a silicon chip.
2023
The authors use Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement to demonstrate quantum nonlocality via an all-versus-nothing test, directly contradicting local realistic descriptions.
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Chen, L., Wu, B., Lu, L., Wang, K., Lu, Y., Zhu, S., & Ma, X. (2023). Observation of quantum nonlocality in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on a silicon chip.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.515070

Test of local realism via entangled Λ Λ ¯ system.
2025
The study tests local hidden variable theories using entangled hyperon pairs and observes significant violations of Bell-like inequalities exceeding 5.2 standard deviations, excluding local realism.
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Test of local realism via entangled Λ Λ ¯ system.. (2025). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59498-4

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first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 1004 Aug 2026
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