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the claim
Post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
11 sources for · 0 against

Extensive cognitive and neuroimaging research consistently demonstrates that post-error slowing is a robust, biologically plausible mechanism of human cognitive control across diverse populations and experimental tasks.

Evidence for · 11
The Development of Cognitive Control in Preschoolers and Kindergarteners: The Case of Post-Error Slowing and Delayed Disinhibition
2024 · cited by 3
Demonstrates reliable post-error slowing as a marker of reactive control in young children and adults.
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The analysis

The claim asserts that post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition. All provided papers investigate post-error slowing (PES) as a central behavioral and neurophysiological marker of cognitive control, performance monitoring, and error processing in humans. There are no papers refuting the biological plausibility or existence of the phenomenon, leading to a SUPPORTED verdict.

More for · 10
Post-Error Adjustments: The Role of Response Stimulus Intervals and Error Placement.
2026 · cited by 0
Shows that post-error adjustments such as response slowing depend on processing intervals and cognitive control mechanisms.
Inattention in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety: Neurophysiological Evidence for Distinct and Overlapping Cognitive Mechanisms.
2026 · cited by 0
Utilizes post-error slowing as a behavioral index of cognitive control in clinical and typically developing populations.
Internal monitoring deficits attenuate post-error slowing in psychosis-proneness.
2026 · cited by 0
Investigates post-error cognitive adjustments and internal performance monitoring as mechanisms in human cognition.
Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.
2026 · cited by 0
Examines post-error slowing and error processing-related brain activity in children and adults.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional perspectives on elementary school children's post-error slowing in reading and arithmetic
2026 · cited by 0
Reports robust post-error slowing across academic tasks, indicating developing monitoring and cognitive control.
Distinguishing between response conflict and error expectancy in inhibitory error processing: the role of the presupplementary motor cortex.
2026 · cited by 0
Links post-error slowing to neural mechanisms of conflict detection and error monitoring.
Sleep deprivation disrupts error awareness and subsequent behavioural regulation
2026 · cited by 0
Examines how sleep deprivation disrupts post-error adjustments, implicating biological states in cognitive control regulation.
Characterizing the behavioural correlates of error awareness with the novel speeded inference task.
2026 · cited by 0
Analyzes post-error slowing and behavioral adjustments as core features of cognitive control paradigms.
Post-error slowing and error processing in middle childhood: Evidence for increasing cognitive control adjustment with age
2025 · cited by 0
Identifies developmental trajectories of post-error slowing linked to neural markers like midfrontal theta power.
Post-Error Slowing is Modulated by Emotional Words
2026 · cited by 0
Provides evidence that affective and emotional states modulate post-error slowing, supporting biologically plausible control integration.
Everything we examined (11)
  1. The Development of Cognitive Control in Preschoolers and Kindergarteners: The Case of Post-Error Slowing and Delayed Disinhibitionpeer-reviewedsupports
  2. Post-Error Adjustments: The Role of Response Stimulus Intervals and Error Placement.peer-reviewedsupports
  3. Inattention in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety: Neurophysiological Evidence for Distinct and Overlapping Cognitive Mechanisms.peer-reviewedsupports
  4. Internal monitoring deficits attenuate post-error slowing in psychosis-proneness.peer-reviewedsupports
  5. Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.peer-reviewedsupports
  6. Longitudinal and cross-sectional perspectives on elementary school children's post-error slowing in reading and arithmeticpeer-reviewedsupports
  7. Distinguishing between response conflict and error expectancy in inhibitory error processing: the role of the presupplementary motor cortex.peer-reviewedsupports
  8. Sleep deprivation disrupts error awareness and subsequent behavioural regulationpeer-reviewedsupports
  9. Characterizing the behavioural correlates of error awareness with the novel speeded inference task.peer-reviewedsupports
  10. Post-error slowing and error processing in middle childhood: Evidence for increasing cognitive control adjustment with agepeer-reviewedsupports
  11. Post-Error Slowing is Modulated by Emotional Wordspeer-reviewedsupports
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7905 Aug 2026
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