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the claim

Post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
11 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition?

Yes. Extensive cognitive and neuroimaging research consistently demonstrates that post-error slowing is a robust, biologically plausible mechanism of human cognitive control across diverse populations and experimental tasks.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 11 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The claim asserts that post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition. All provided papers investigate post-error slowing (PES) as a central behavioral and neurophysiological marker of cognitive control, performance monitoring, and error processing in humans. There are no papers refuting the biological plausibility or existence of the phenomenon, leading to a SUPPORTED verdict.

Evidence for · 11
The Development of Cognitive Control in Preschoolers and Kindergarteners: The Case of Post-Error Slowing and Delayed Disinhibition
2024
Demonstrates reliable post-error slowing as a marker of reactive control in young children and adults.
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Yeshua, M. & Berger, A. (2024). The Development of Cognitive Control in Preschoolers and Kindergarteners: The Case of Post-Error Slowing and Delayed Disinhibition. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12040041

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More for · 10
Post-Error Adjustments: The Role of Response Stimulus Intervals and Error Placement.
2026
Shows that post-error adjustments such as response slowing depend on processing intervals and cognitive control mechanisms.
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V, C., F, G., MS, S., JE, K., SJ, L., & ML, P. (2026). Post-Error Adjustments: The Role of Response Stimulus Intervals and Error Placement.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261463211

Inattention in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety: Neurophysiological Evidence for Distinct and Overlapping Cognitive Mechanisms.
2026
Utilizes post-error slowing as a behavioral index of cognitive control in clinical and typically developing populations.
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M, P., V, P., Y, L., M, T., K, L., & AB, A. (2026). Inattention in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety: Neurophysiological Evidence for Distinct and Overlapping Cognitive Mechanisms.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547261445680

Internal monitoring deficits attenuate post-error slowing in psychosis-proneness.
2026
Investigates post-error cognitive adjustments and internal performance monitoring as mechanisms in human cognition.
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W, Z. & TD, C. (2026). Internal monitoring deficits attenuate post-error slowing in psychosis-proneness.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2026.100439

Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.
2026
Examines post-error slowing and error processing-related brain activity in children and adults.
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G, A., SA, S., U, L., SA, B., & Y, F. (2026). Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70581

Longitudinal and cross-sectional perspectives on elementary school children's post-error slowing in reading and arithmetic
2026
Reports robust post-error slowing across academic tasks, indicating developing monitoring and cognitive control.
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CM, R., D, M., H, Ö., & E, G. (2026). Longitudinal and cross-sectional perspectives on elementary school children's post-error slowing in reading and arithmetic. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9hkn4_v1

Distinguishing between response conflict and error expectancy in inhibitory error processing: the role of the presupplementary motor cortex.
2026
Links post-error slowing to neural mechanisms of conflict detection and error monitoring.
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K, B., S, W., E, N., & M, S. (2026). Distinguishing between response conflict and error expectancy in inhibitory error processing: the role of the presupplementary motor cortex.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42784-6

Sleep deprivation disrupts error awareness and subsequent behavioural regulation
2026
Examines how sleep deprivation disrupts post-error adjustments, implicating biological states in cognitive control regulation.
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H, K., J, T., D, J., L, G., & M, U. (2026). Sleep deprivation disrupts error awareness and subsequent behavioural regulation. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.04.709320

Characterizing the behavioural correlates of error awareness with the novel speeded inference task.
2026
Analyzes post-error slowing and behavioral adjustments as core features of cognitive control paradigms.
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E, N., J, W., M, S., GR, F., PH, W., & J, S. (2026). Characterizing the behavioural correlates of error awareness with the novel speeded inference task.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-56114-3

Post-error slowing and error processing in middle childhood: Evidence for increasing cognitive control adjustment with age
2025
Identifies developmental trajectories of post-error slowing linked to neural markers like midfrontal theta power.
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Smita, R., Johnston, M., Dolan, J., & Chevalier, N. (2025). Post-error slowing and error processing in middle childhood: Evidence for increasing cognitive control adjustment with age. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yzrpf_v1

Post-Error Slowing is Modulated by Emotional Words
2026
Provides evidence that affective and emotional states modulate post-error slowing, supporting biologically plausible control integration.
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Cramer, F. & Dignath, D. (2026). Post-Error Slowing is Modulated by Emotional Words. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6xkn7_v1

What does the evidence say?

The claim asserts that post-error slowing is a biologically plausible mechanism in human cognition. All provided papers investigate post-error slowing (PES) as a central behavioral and neurophysiological marker of cognitive control, performance monitoring, and error processing in humans. There are no papers refuting the biological plausibility or existence of the phenomenon, leading to a SUPPORTED verdict.

Receipt History
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7905 Aug 2026
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