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the claim

Pathogen immunity information is stored in cellular memory via adaptive immune cells and CRISPR loci

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
7 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that pathogen immunity information is stored in cellular memory via adaptive immune cells and CRISPR loci?

Yes. Pathogen immunity information is stored in cellular memory via adaptive immune cells in vertebrates and CRISPR loci in prokaryotes.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 7 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The retrieved literature thoroughly demonstrates that adaptive immune cells (such as memory B and T cells) store immunological memory in vertebrate systems, while CRISPR-Cas loci serve as adaptive immune systems storing genetic spacer sequences for pathogen defense in prokaryotes. All relevant papers support the claim.

Evidence for · 7
Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunity
2021
Memory B cells store immunological memory as part of the adaptive immune system.
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Cancro, M. P. & Tomayko, M. M. (2021). Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunity. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13016

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More for · 6
CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides transient population-level immunity against high phage exposures
2024
CRISPR-Cas functions as an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes.
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Watson, B. N., Capria, L., Alseth, E. O., Pons, B. J., Biswas, A., Lenzi, L., Buckling, A., Houte, S. v., Westra, E., & Meaden, S. (2024). CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides transient population-level immunity against high phage exposures. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrad039

CRISPR-Cas-Based Adaptive Immunity Mediates Phage Resistance in Periodontal Red Complex Pathogens
2023
CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in bacteria.
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Yadalam, P. K., Arumuganainar, D., Anegundi, R. V., Shrivastava, D., Alftaikhah, S. A. A., Almutairi, H. A., Alobaida, M. A., Alkaberi, A. A., & Srivastava, K. C. (2023). CRISPR-Cas-Based Adaptive Immunity Mediates Phage Resistance in Periodontal Red Complex Pathogens. Microorganisms, 11(8), 2060-2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082060

CRISPR-Cas system in regulation of immunity and virulence of bacterial pathogens
2018
CRISPR loci provide acquired adaptive immunity against viruses and mobile genetic elements.
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Ahmed, W., Hafeez, M., Ahmad, R., & Mahmood, S. (2018). CRISPR-Cas system in regulation of immunity and virulence of bacterial pathogens. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENREP.2018.10.004

An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCCmec Cassette
2023
CRISPR-Cas acts as an adaptive immune system protecting bacteria against mobile genetic elements like phages.
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Mikkelsen, K., Bowring, J., Ng, Y. K., Frisinger, F. S., Maglegaard, J. K., Li, Q., Sieber, R., Petersen, A., Andersen, P., Rostøl, J., Høyland-Kroghsbo, N. M., & Ingmer, H. (2023). An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCCmec Cassette. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01277-23

Distribution of Genetic Determinants Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems and Resistance to Antibiotics in the Genomes of Archaea and Bacteria
2025
The CRISPR-Cas system represents an adaptive immune mechanism across archaea and bacteria.
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Antequera-Zambrano, L., Parra-Sánchez, Á., González-Paz, L. A., Fernández, E., & Martínez-Navarrete, G. (2025). Distribution of Genetic Determinants Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems and Resistance to Antibiotics in the Genomes of Archaea and Bacteria. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061321

LysR-type regulator LrhA promotes CRISPR-Cas immunity in Escherichia coli.
2026
CRISPR-Cas-mediated adaptive immunity safeguards prokaryotes against foreign genetic elements.
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M, F., J, Y., M, F., M, G., N, L., Y, L., M, Y., Y, X., F, W., H, G., & D, S. (2026). LysR-type regulator LrhA promotes CRISPR-Cas immunity in Escherichia coli.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag204

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved literature thoroughly demonstrates that adaptive immune cells (such as memory B and T cells) store immunological memory in vertebrate systems, while CRISPR-Cas loci serve as adaptive immune systems storing genetic spacer sequences for pathogen defense in prokaryotes. All relevant papers support the claim.

Receipt History
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8905 Aug 2026
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