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the claim
Pathogen immunity information is stored in cellular memory via adaptive immune cells and CRISPR loci
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
7 sources for · 0 against

Pathogen immunity information is stored in cellular memory via adaptive immune cells in vertebrates and CRISPR loci in prokaryotes.

Evidence for · 7
Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunity
2021 · cited by 163
Memory B cells store immunological memory as part of the adaptive immune system.
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The analysis

The retrieved literature thoroughly demonstrates that adaptive immune cells (such as memory B and T cells) store immunological memory in vertebrate systems, while CRISPR-Cas loci serve as adaptive immune systems storing genetic spacer sequences for pathogen defense in prokaryotes. All relevant papers support the claim.

More for · 6
CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides transient population-level immunity against high phage exposures
2024 · cited by 15
CRISPR-Cas functions as an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes.
CRISPR-Cas-Based Adaptive Immunity Mediates Phage Resistance in Periodontal Red Complex Pathogens
2023 · cited by 15
CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in bacteria.
CRISPR-Cas system in regulation of immunity and virulence of bacterial pathogens
2018 · cited by 15
CRISPR loci provide acquired adaptive immunity against viruses and mobile genetic elements.
An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCCmec Cassette
2023 · cited by 14
CRISPR-Cas acts as an adaptive immune system protecting bacteria against mobile genetic elements like phages.
Distribution of Genetic Determinants Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems and Resistance to Antibiotics in the Genomes of Archaea and Bacteria
2025 · cited by 4
The CRISPR-Cas system represents an adaptive immune mechanism across archaea and bacteria.
LysR-type regulator LrhA promotes CRISPR-Cas immunity in Escherichia coli.
2026 · cited by 2
CRISPR-Cas-mediated adaptive immunity safeguards prokaryotes against foreign genetic elements.
Everything we examined (12)
  1. Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunitypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunitypeer-reviewedsupports
  3. γδ T cells: novel initiators of adaptive immunitypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  4. Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memorypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides transient population-level immunity against high phage exposurespeer-reviewedsupports
  6. CRISPR-Cas-Based Adaptive Immunity Mediates Phage Resistance in Periodontal Red Complex Pathogenspeer-reviewedsupports
  7. CRISPR-Cas system in regulation of immunity and virulence of bacterial pathogenspeer-reviewedsupports
  8. An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCCmec Cassettepeer-reviewedsupports
  9. Trained immunity and immune priming in plants and invertebrates.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Distribution of Genetic Determinants Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems and Resistance to Antibiotics in the Genomes of Archaea and Bacteriapeer-reviewedsupports
  11. LysR-type regulator LrhA promotes CRISPR-Cas immunity in Escherichia coli.peer-reviewedsupports
  12. Understanding Climate Change Threats to Vertebrate Wildlife by Studying Ecoimmunology Across Biological Scales.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8905 Aug 2026
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