Multiple preclinical and review studies indicate that various nootropics can enhance synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and learning ability by modulating neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the assertion that nootropics and related cognitive enhancers improve synaptic plasticity and learning ability through various neurobiological mechanisms such as BDNF elevation and neurotransmitter modulation. No provided papers refute this claim.