Multiple experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that local brain stimulation techniques, such as ultrasound, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electrical stimulation, successfully produce measurable physiological and behavioral changes.
The retrieved papers consistently report measurable physiological and behavioral changes resulting from various forms of local brain stimulation (such as focused ultrasound, TMS, tDCS, and tTIS). Multiple lines of evidence—including randomized trials, reviews, and meta-analyses—fully support the claim. No papers refute it.