Human fingerprints are widely accepted and observed to be entirely unique, serving as a foundational premise in biometrics and forensic science that requires no formal citation.
The uniqueness of human fingerprints is a widely recognized scientific and practical observation relied upon globally in biometrics and forensic identification. While papers discuss fingerprint systems and recognition models (e.g., [0], [3]), the underlying principle that fingerprints are unique is treated as established common knowledge rather than a contested hypothesis requiring empirical defense within these specific studies.