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the claim
Freezing an aqueous solution always causes water to separate and form a pure ice lattice
the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
confidence 18/100

Freezing an aqueous solution does not always form a pure ice lattice, as rapid cooling or high solute concentrations can lead to vitrification or amorphous freeze-concentrated structures rather than pure ice separation.

Evidence against · 2
Glass Transition and Re-Crystallization Phenomena of Frozen Materials and Their Effect on Frozen Food Quality.
2021 · cited by 21
Discusses how freezing aqueous solutions (such as sucrose) produces noncrystalline, freeze-concentrated structures and glass transitions rather than pure ice lattices exclusively.
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More against · 1
Tailoring tetrahedral and pair-correlation entropies of glass-forming liquids for energy storage applications at ultralow temperatures.
2024 · cited by 15
Demonstrates that aqueous solutions can experience vitrification (glass transition) instead of ice crystallization depending on cooling conditions and solute interactions.
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked02 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 1802 Aug 2026
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