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the claim

Electrons and protons produced in biological reactions are transferred via carrier molecules

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
4 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that electrons and protons produced in biological reactions are transferred via carrier molecules?

Yes. Biological reactions extensively rely on specialized carrier molecules, such as cytochrome c and ubiquinone, to shuttle electrons and protons across membranes during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 4 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The retrieved papers consistently confirm that biological reactions in respiration and photosynthesis utilize carrier molecules (like cytochrome c and ubiquinone) to transfer electrons and protons. The evidence strongly supports the claim, with no papers refuting it.

Evidence for · 4
Electron Transfer Interactome of Cytochrome c
2012
Cytochrome c acts as a mobile electron carrier protein that shuttles electrons between redox partners in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Volkov, A. & Nuland, N. (2012). Electron Transfer Interactome of Cytochrome c. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002807

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More for · 3
Quantum biology: From mechanisms to medicine.
2026
Quantum biological studies confirm that electron and proton transfer processes are fundamental to mitochondrial bioenergetics and enzymatic reactions.
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JY, S. & JH, C. (2026). Quantum biology: From mechanisms to medicine.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.70694

Quinones operate as proton-collecting antennas in energy-transducing membranes.
2026
Ubiquinone serves as a critical electron and proton-interacting carrier molecule in energy-transducing membranes.
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A, B., N, B., S, B., H, K., TB, S., MC, P., J, W., & VRI, K. (2026). Quinones operate as proton-collecting antennas in energy-transducing membranes.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2534025123

Energetics and Ecological Implications of Bacterial Electron Transport Chains.
2026
Bacterial electron transport chains utilize membrane-bound protein and carrier complexes to transfer electrons and generate a proton motive force.
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N, X., AM, B., & X, W. (2026). Energetics and Ecological Implications of Bacterial Electron Transport Chains.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70338

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved papers consistently confirm that biological reactions in respiration and photosynthesis utilize carrier molecules (like cytochrome c and ubiquinone) to transfer electrons and protons. The evidence strongly supports the claim, with no papers refuting it.

Receipt History
first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8504 Aug 2026
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