Early modern Western linguistics exhibits systemic cultural bias in its framework

The retrieved papers include direct evidence demonstrating that linguistic assessment tools and aphasiology frameworks have historically relied on monolingual and Eurocentric norms, creating systemic biases. One study highlights the limitations of monolingual-centric approaches in language testing, and one study examines how idealized monolingual speakers remain at the center of linguistic and clinical theories, reflecting systemic bias in Western frameworks. Other papers are off-topic.