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the claim
Clinical anesthesia can cause physical or psychological addiction
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
3 sources for · 0 against

Clinical evidence indicates that certain anesthetic agents and adjuncts used in medical settings possess abuse potential and can induce psychological dependence or euphoria.

Evidence for · 3
Prescription of Controlled Substances: Benefits and Risks
2026 · cited by 1
Paper [3] classifies various anesthetic and sedative agents (such as ketamine) under controlled substances with recognized risks for psychological or physical dependence.
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The analysis

Several retrieved papers support the claim that clinical anesthesia agents (such as ketamine and propofol) carry risks of psychological dependence, euphoria, or abuse potential. Paper [3] notes that some anesthetics fall into controlled substance schedules associated with dependence, while papers [10] and [11] specifically document human euphoria and animal models of psychological dependence related to propofol. There are no papers refuting the claim.

More for · 2
Integration of epidemiological surveys, network pharmacology, and molecular docking simulation to explore the potential key targets of propofol-induced euphoria.
2026 · cited by 0
Paper [10] clinical findings demonstrate that clinical anesthetics like propofol can induce post-anesthetic euphoria, highlighting rewarding subjective properties.
Unraveling the mechanisms of propofol-induced psychological dependence: a multi-omics approach linked to gut microbiota in hippocampal function.
2025 · cited by 0
Paper [11] animal model and multi-omics research demonstrate that propofol can produce psychological or mental dependence signatures through neuroactive pathways.
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7704 Aug 2026
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