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the claim

Biological dimorphism results in greater average upper body strength in human males compared to females

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that biological dimorphism results in greater average upper body strength in human males compared to females?

Yes. Biological dimorphism results in human males having greater average upper body strength and muscle mass compared to females.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 3 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The retrieved papers provide robust physiological and evolutionary evidence demonstrating that human males possess greater average muscle mass and absolute upper body strength compared to females due to biological dimorphism.

Evidence for · 3
Substantial but Misunderstood Human Sexual Dimorphism Results Mainly From Sexual Selection on Males and Natural Selection on Females
2022
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Lassek, W. D. & Gaulin, S. (2022). Substantial but Misunderstood Human Sexual Dimorphism Results Mainly From Sexual Selection on Males and Natural Selection on Females. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859931

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More for · 2
Big Bones Mean Big Muscles: An MRI-Based Dataset of Muscle-Bone-Body Size Relationships Across 70 Human Muscles of the Upper Limb, Trunk, and Lower Limb.
2025
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Riem, L. I., Pinette, M., DuCharme, O., Pabon, V., Morris, J., Coggins, A., Harold, L., Costanzo, K. E., Cousins, M., Hein, R., Rhodes, M., Llevens, E., Shah, R. B., Feng, X., Benusa, S., Breeding, T., Nelson, M. D., Derave, W., & Blemker, S. S. (2025). Big Bones Mean Big Muscles: An MRI-Based Dataset of Muscle-Bone-Body Size Relationships Across 70 Human Muscles of the Upper Limb, Trunk, and Lower Limb.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00772.2025

Sex differences in resistance training: a brief narrative review
2026
Get citation
Cidrais, M. & Mendonca, G. V. (2026). Sex differences in resistance training: a brief narrative review. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-026-01650-8

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved papers provide robust physiological and evolutionary evidence demonstrating that human males possess greater average muscle mass and absolute upper body strength compared to females due to biological dimorphism.

Receipt History
first checked31 Jul 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8431 Jul 2026
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