Multiple empirical studies demonstrate that non-human animals exhibit distinct facial expressions corresponding to internal emotional states, and that these expressions are successfully recognized and interpreted by both automated systems and humans.
The claim posits that animal facial expressions convey emotional meanings similar to those perceived by humans. Papers [0], [2], [4], and [6] directly establish that animals (dogs, horses, and mice) possess measurable facial expressions corresponding to distinct emotional states such as anticipation, frustration, and pain. Furthermore, paper [11] explicitly demonstrates that humans correctly identify these expressions as positive or negative and even mimic them, directly supporting the assertion that animal expressions convey recognizable emotional meanings to humans. There are no papers refuting this position.