Aluminum-based antiperspirants effectively reduce armpit sweat by blocking sweat ducts
While some sources note the use of aluminum salts to treat hyperhidrosis, others highlight that the safety and mechanisms of antiperspirants are subjects of intense debate with conflicting perspectives and research findings.
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PubMed: Studies on topical antiperspirant control of axillary hyperhidrosis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/52254/
Studies on topical antiperspirant control of axillary hyperhidrosis. Axillary hyperhidrotics is reviewed from the standpoint of anatomical factors, physiological mechanisms and the history of methods of control. Anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous zirconium tetrachloride are shown to be superior topical agents for partial control of axillary sweating when applied as a powder or in anhydrous nonreactive vehicles. Complete anhidrosis as demonstrated by sustained garment armpit dryness could be achieved in hyperhidrotics within 48 hours by the following trinary antiperspirant system: (1) a saturated solution of aluminum chloride hexahydrate or zirconyl chloride in absolute ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, (2) application to the dry axilla at times of sleep or other prolonged non-sweating period, (3) water vapor occlusion of area for 6 to 8 hours by means of Saran wrap. The hypothesis is presented that metallic antiperspirants act by reflux entrance into the terminal intraepidermal eccrine duct, slowly combining with the intraductal keratin, to produce a fibrillar contraction (super contraction) of keratin and hence functional closure, not histologically evident.
Are Antiperspirants Safe? Shedding Light on the Distribution of Aluminum Compounds in Sweat Glands. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/psn.0000000000000524
The safety of antiperspirants has been a subject of intense debate, with conflicting perspectives and research findings. This study aimed to contribute to the discussion by investigating the distribution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3), a common ingredient in antiperspirants, within the sweat glands. We enrolled a total of 10 patients seeking surgery for bromhidrosis in our study. Before surgery, we instructed the study participants to apply a specially formulated AlCl3 staining antiperspirant to their underarms using a surgical pen with ink that resists easy removal. We excised the apocrine glands, fragmented them finely, and examined them microscopically. We did not detect any stained aluminum compounds. These results are consistent with previous research, which suggests that aluminum compounds do not enter the apocrine glands. Consequently, concerns regarding the potential absorption of aluminum into the human body appear to be unfounded, particularly regarding cancer risks such as breast cancer.
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Are Antiperspirants Safe? Shedding Light on the Distribution of Aluminum Compounds in Sweat Glands. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/psn.0000000000000524
The safety of antiperspirants has been a subject of intense debate, with conflicting perspectives and research findings. This study aimed to contribute to the discussion by investigating the distribution of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ), a common ingredient in antiperspirants, within the sweat glands. We enrolled a total of 10 patients seeking surgery for bromhidrosis in our study. Before surgery, we instructed the study participants to apply a specially formulated AlCl 3 staining antiperspirant to their underarms using a surgical pen with ink that resists easy removal. We excised the apocrine glands, fragmented them finely, and examined them microscopically. We did not detect any stained aluminum compounds. These results are consistent with previous research, which suggests that aluminum compounds do not enter the apocrine glands. Consequently, concerns regarding the potential absorption of aluminum into the human body appear to be unfounded, particularly regarding cancer risks such as breast cancer.
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The Potential Metalloestrogenic Effect of Aluminum on Breast Cancer Risk for Antiperspirant Users.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010099
The etiopathogenesis of breast cancer depends on genetic conditions, but recently more attention has been paid to the dependence of BC on certain environmental factors, for example, metalloestrogens, which include aluminum (Al) contained in antiperspirants used daily. The use of Al derivatives in antiperspirants in concentrations specified by the FDA, as well as European regulations (SCCS, 2020), do not classify Al as a hazardous and carcinogenic substance for humans. However, Al used to treat excessive sweating raises concerns, as many in vitro studies indicate that it can cause gene instability, change gene expression or increase oxidative stress, and also affect the body's hormonal balance as a metalloestrogen. The environmental reality is that the breast is constantly exposed to many different chemicals, such as Al. This article reviews the literature to determine whether Al-based products can harm the body, as there are many facts and myths on the subject. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of aluminum antiperspirants and the risk of breast cancer (BC). The article is based on data from the scientific literature, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMbase. It includes articles published in the years 2003-2023 mainly in English. Literature databases regarding human and animal studies were searched. To sum up, evaluating the effect of Al as a risk factor for breast cancer requires many studies using different research models focused on long-term exposure to Al-containing antiperspirants. Consumers are advised to limit their exposure to Al by making a conscious choice to minimize exposure to this compound.
Aluminum environmental pollution: the silent killer.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14700-0
The concern about aluminum (Al) toxicity has been proven in various cases. Some cases are associated with the fact that Al is a neurotoxic substance that has been found in high levels in the brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, and autism patients. Other cases are related to infants, especially premature infants and ones with renal failure, who are at the risk of developing the central nervous system (CNS) and bone toxicity. This risk is a result of infants' exposure to Al from milk formulas, intravenous-feeding solutions, and possibly from aluminum-containing vaccinations. Furthermore, most antiperspirants contain aluminum compounds that raise human exposure to toxic Al. This review paper is intended to discuss in detail the above concerns associated with aluminum, and hence urges the need for more studies exploring the effects of overexposure to Al and recommending mitigation actions.
Aluminium in cosmetics and personal care products.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4228
Usage of inorganic ingredients like aluminium salts in cosmetics and personal care products has been a concern for producers and consumers. Although aluminium is used to treat hyperhidrosis, some worries have been raised about aluminium's role in breast cancer, breast cyst and Alzheimer's disease. The human population is exposed to aluminium from vaccines, diet, and drinking water, but the frequent use of aluminium-based cosmetics might add additional local exposure. This paper reviews literature to determine if aluminium-based products may pose potential harm to the body. The dermal absorption of aluminium is not widely understood. It is not yet known whether aluminium can travel from the skin to brain to cause Alzheimer's disease. Aluminium may cause gene instability, alter gene expression or enhance oxidative stress, but the carcinogenicity of aluminium has not been proved yet. Until now, epidemiological researches were based on oral information, which lacks consistency, and the results are conflicting. Future studies should target real-life-based long-time exposure to antiperspirants and other aluminium-containing cosmetics and personal care products.
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