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the claim

Younger age and a lower level of education are contextual factors that can impact the tendency to delay or refuse vaccination.

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
4 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that Younger age and a lower level of education are contextual factors that can impact the tendency to delay or refuse vaccination?

Yes. Multiple studies demonstrate that younger age and lower levels of education are key sociodemographic factors associated with an increased tendency toward vaccine delay, hesitancy, or refusal.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 4 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

The retrieved papers consistently support the claim that younger age and lower levels of education influence vaccine hesitancy or refusal, with multiple cross-sectional and review studies finding significant associations between these demographic factors and reduced vaccination uptake.

Evidence for · 4
2022
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Khubchandani, J., Bustos, E., Chowdhury, S., Biswas, N., & Keller, T. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal among Nurses Worldwide: Review of Trends and Predictors. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020230

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More for · 3
2023
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Backhaus, A. (2023). Socio-demographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and refusal among Ugandan women. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-00968-z

2026
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SS, D., CC, B., M, R., & MR, B. (2026). Parental Vaccine Hesitancy in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in the United States, 2025.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14070601

2026
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HS, C., Y, W., SHX, T., & IYH, A. (2026). Sociodemographic and Health-Risk Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Preferences and Willingness to Pay in Singapore: Discrete Choice Experiment.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.2196/87909

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved papers consistently support the claim that younger age and lower levels of education influence vaccine hesitancy or refusal, with multiple cross-sectional and review studies finding significant associations between these demographic factors and reduced vaccination uptake.

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