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the claim

Chameleons change color mainly to blend in with their surroundings.

the verdict
CONTESTED PARTIAL
Recorded sources
1 source for · 7 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that Chameleons change color mainly to blend in with their surroundings?

Partly. Several sources indicate chameleon color change serves functions other than camouflage—communication, mating and temperature—and that chameleons cannot match any background, though they do make small adjustments to blend in. The children's-book framing that color change is mainly for camouflage is only partially supported.

Verdict: CONTESTED PARTIAL · 1 source for, 7 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 1
Chameleons Change Color
2015
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Chameleons Change Color. (2015). ebookcentral.proquest.com. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=5155007

Evidence against · 7
Chameleons’ Craziest Color Changes Aren’t for Camouflage | National Geographic
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Chameleons’ Craziest Color Changes Aren’t for Camouflage | National Geographic. (n.d.). nationalgeographic.com. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/chameleon-camouflage-color-change-myth-news

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More against · 6
Do chameleons change colour for a reason other than camouflage?
2012
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Do chameleons change colour for a reason other than camouflage?. (2012). skeptics.stackexchange.com. https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/14194/do-chameleons-change-colour-for-a-reason-other-than-camouflage

Do male panther chameleons use different aspects of color change to settle disputes?
2022
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Do male panther chameleons use different aspects of color change to settle disputes?. (2022). hal.sorbonne-universite.fr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-022-01784-y

Data from: A chorus of color: hierarchical and graded information content of rapid color change signals in chameleons
2018
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A., L. R. & J., M. K. (2018). Data from: A chorus of color: hierarchical and graded information content of rapid color change signals in chameleons. zenodo.org. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vv6rn82

A FAMILY OF CHAMELEONS. (Daily Telegraph, 08 April 1881)
1881
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A FAMILY OF CHAMELEONS. (Daily Telegraph, 08 April 1881). (1881). paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DTN18810408.2.15

Data from: Alternative mating tactics in male chameleons (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) are evident in both long-term body color and short-term courtship pattern
2017
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Tammy, K., Noga, L., & Lior, W. (2017). Data from: Alternative mating tactics in male chameleons (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) are evident in both long-term body color and short-term courtship pattern. zenodo.org. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd74

A CHAMELEON FISH. (Northern Advocate, 20 June 1912)
1912
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A CHAMELEON FISH. (Northern Advocate, 20 June 1912). (1912). paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NA19120620.2.8

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