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Knowledge is always justified true belief.
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REFUTED
the evidence says no
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0 sources for · 9 against
Is it true that knowledge is always justified true belief?
No. Multiple reference and peer-reviewed sources state that the claim that knowledge is justified true belief is widely rejected, because Gettier counterexamples show justified true beliefs that are not knowledge; JTB is at most necessary, not sufficient.
Verdict: REFUTED · 0 sources for, 9 against · Last checked
Evidence against · 9
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Knowledge. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
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More against · 8
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Definitions of knowledge. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_knowledge
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Turri, J. (2020). Is Knowledge Justified True Belief?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/yev3s
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Pacho, T. (2025). Epistemological Analysis of the Tripartite Account of Knowledge as Justified True Belief. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.30845/jesp.v12p12
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Is Knowledge Fallible?. (n.d.). philosophy.stackexchange.com. https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/3566
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Why causal theory, tracking, reliabilism all good approximations. Why justified true belief a good approximation. Comparison with Grice. (1999). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198238797.003.0004
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The Analysis of Knowledge (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). (n.d.). plato.stanford.edu. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/
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encyclopediaofphilosophyvol08macmillan2006 201909. (n.d.). archive.org. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofphilosophyvol08macmillan2006_201909
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Gettier problem - Wikipedia. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem
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