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Crystallized intelligence increases with age.

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INSUFFICIENT LEANING
Recorded sources
5 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that Crystallized intelligence increases with age?

Unclear. Several reference and review sources state that crystallized intelligence increases with age, though some note it plateaus or declines later in life, and one study reports a contrary pattern under objective sleep measures. The evidence covers the general direction only partially, without settling the claim's full scope.

Verdict: PARTIAL LEAN · 5 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

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Evidence for · 5
Fluid and crystallized intelligence
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Fluid and crystallized intelligence. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence

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More for · 4
Are Age-Related Differences in Sleep Associated With the Different Trajectories of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Across the Lifespan?
2026
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AM, M., D, B., LB, R., A, O., & SM, F. (2026). Are Age-Related Differences in Sleep Associated With the Different Trajectories of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Across the Lifespan?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70364

Aging as a social process : an introduction to individual and population aging
1983
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D, M. B. (1983). Aging as a social process : an introduction to individual and population aging. archive.org. https://archive.org/details/agingassocialpro0000mcph

Study guide : to accompany David G. Myers Psychology Myers in modules sixth edition
2001
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Otto), S. R. O. (. (2001). Study guide : to accompany David G. Myers Psychology Myers in modules sixth edition. archive.org. https://archive.org/details/studyguidetoacco0000stra_p3n1

Age-Related Increases in Verbal Knowledge Are Not Associated With Word Finding Problems in the Cam-CAN Cohort: What You Know Won’t Hurt You
2016
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Age-Related Increases in Verbal Knowledge Are Not Associated With Word Finding Problems in the Cam-CAN Cohort: What You Know Won’t Hurt You. (2016). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw074

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held for human review17 Oct 2026
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