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the claim

All large language models hallucinate.

the verdict
INSUFFICIENT LEANING
Recorded sources
9 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that all large language models hallucinate?

Unclear. Multiple papers state that large language models frequently or often hallucinate, including in state-of-the-art systems, which supports a tendency toward hallucination. None of the placed sources establishes that literally every large language model hallucinates.

Verdict: PARTIAL LEAN · 9 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 9
Why Language Models Hallucinate
2025
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Why Language Models Hallucinate. (2025). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.04664

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More for · 8
HypoTermInstruct: Instructing Large Language Models not to Hallucinate
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HypoTermInstruct: Instructing Large Language Models not to Hallucinate. (n.d.). openreview.net. https://openreview.net/forum?id=pfmacmILs2

Language Without Propositions: Why Large Language Models Hallucinate
2026
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Mácha, J. (2026). Language Without Propositions: Why Large Language Models Hallucinate. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.1447.v1

[2509.04664] Why Language Models Hallucinate
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[2509.04664] Why Language Models Hallucinate. (n.d.). arxiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04664

Do Large Language Models Hallucinate Electric Fata Morganas?
2025
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Šekrst, K. (2025). Do Large Language Models Hallucinate Electric Fata Morganas?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.53765/20512201.32.11.096

Teaching Language Models to Hallucinate Less with Synthetic Tasks
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Teaching Language Models to Hallucinate Less with Synthetic Tasks. (n.d.). openreview.net. https://openreview.net/forum?id=xpw7V0P136

CiteSure: retrieval-augmented large language models for faithful biomedical citation recommendation.
2026
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Q, X., J, Z., Y, W., J, H., F, L., RL, W., H, H., Q, C., & H, X. (2026). CiteSure: retrieval-augmented large language models for faithful biomedical citation recommendation.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag122

Authoritative Textbook-Augmented Large Language Models for High-Altitude Public Health Medical Education in the Xizang Autonomous Region: Cross-Sectional Comparative Evaluation Study
2026
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He, K., Xiao, Q., Chen, W., Jing, L., Wang, Y., & Li, S. (2026). Authoritative Textbook-Augmented Large Language Models for High-Altitude Public Health Medical Education in the Xizang Autonomous Region: Cross-Sectional Comparative Evaluation Study. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.2196/92852

GPTs and Hallucination
2024
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GPTs and Hallucination. (2024). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1145/3703757

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held for human review18 Oct 2026
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