Historical and legal evidence confirms that the Roman Empire utilized penal labor systems, such as sentencing criminals and slaves to forced labor in mines (damnatio ad metalla).
Evidence for · 2
KARA ZESŁANIA NA PRZYMUSOWE PRACE W KOPALNI (‘DAMNATIO AD METALLA’) W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM
2023 · cited by 1
Paper [6] documents the Roman penal system of forced labor in mines (damnatio ad metalla) as a core punitive sanction for lower classes and slaves.
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More for · 1
Metals and Metalla
2013 · cited by 0
Paper [11] discusses Roman imperial mining operations (metalla) and the severe human cost associated with Rome's exploitation of provincial resources.