Caffeine improves cognitive and physical performance even in habituated consumers
the verdict
CONTESTED
the evidence cuts both ways
confidence 45/100
Evidence on whether caffeine enhances cognitive and physical performance in habituated consumers is mixed. While several studies demonstrate performance benefits in habitual users, others report inconsistent ergogenic effects or a lack of improvement.
Evidence for · 4
Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine
2021 · cited by 20
Demonstrates that caffeine ingestion improves peak and mean power during sprinting in female athletes who are habitual caffeine consumers.
Evidence against · 2
Inconsistency in the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine in Athletes Who Regularly Consume Caffeine: Is It Due to the Disparity in the Criteria That Defines Habitual Caffeine Intake?
2020 · cited by 103
Notes that studies on the ergogenic effect of caffeine in habitual versus naive consumers yield contradictory results, often depending on classification thresholds.
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More for · 3
The Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Functional Strength in Female Soccer Players.
2025 · cited by 5
Finds that acute caffeine intake enhances anaerobic capacity and lower-limb functional strength in habituated female soccer players.
A caffeine and theacrine combination improves cognitive performance in tactical personnel under physically fatiguing conditions.
2025 · cited by 1
Shows that caffeine consistently enhances cognitive and physical performance in tactical personnel under fatiguing conditions.
Differential Time-of-Day Effects of Caffeine Capsule and Mouth Rinse on Physical Performance and Volleyball-Specific Skills in Adolescent Male Volleyball Players.
2026 · cited by 0
Reports that caffeine ingestion improves physical performance and sport-specific skills in trained athletes, particularly mitigating morning decrements.
More against · 1
The effect of caffeine on countermovement jump performance in recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine
2022 · cited by 1
Finds that an acute dose of 3 mg/kg of caffeine failed to improve countermovement jump performance in recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine.