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the claim

Knowledge is always justified true belief.

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 9 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that knowledge is always justified true belief?

No. Multiple reference and peer-reviewed sources state that the claim that knowledge is justified true belief is widely rejected, because Gettier counterexamples show justified true beliefs that are not knowledge; JTB is at most necessary, not sufficient.

Verdict: REFUTED · 0 sources for, 9 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence against · 9
Knowledge
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Knowledge. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

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More against · 8
Definitions of knowledge
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Definitions of knowledge. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_knowledge

Is Knowledge Justified True Belief?
2020
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Turri, J. (2020). Is Knowledge Justified True Belief?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/yev3s

Epistemological Analysis of the Tripartite Account of Knowledge as Justified True Belief
2025
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Pacho, T. (2025). Epistemological Analysis of the Tripartite Account of Knowledge as Justified True Belief. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.30845/jesp.v12p12

Is Knowledge Fallible?
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Is Knowledge Fallible?. (n.d.). philosophy.stackexchange.com. https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/3566

Why causal theory, tracking, reliabilism all good approximations. Why justified true belief a good approximation. Comparison with Grice
1999
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Why causal theory, tracking, reliabilism all good approximations. Why justified true belief a good approximation. Comparison with Grice. (1999). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198238797.003.0004

The Analysis of Knowledge (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
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The Analysis of Knowledge (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). (n.d.). plato.stanford.edu. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/

encyclopediaofphilosophyvol08macmillan2006 201909
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encyclopediaofphilosophyvol08macmillan2006 201909. (n.d.). archive.org. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofphilosophyvol08macmillan2006_201909

Gettier problem - Wikipedia
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Gettier problem - Wikipedia. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem

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