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the claim

Training twice per day increases muscle gains compared with training once per day at equal total volume.

the verdict
CONTESTED PARTIAL
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 3 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that training twice per day increases muscle gains compared with training once per day at equal total volume?

Partly. The retrieved studies only partially address the claim: two small twice-daily training studies report muscle-size gains without a once-daily comparison group, while several sprint-training and volume-equated resistance-training studies found no advantage of higher frequency, though they measured power, endurance markers or strength rather than muscle gains at equal total volume.

Verdict: CONTESTED PARTIAL · 3 sources for, 3 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 3
Skeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day vs. training once daily
2005
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Hansen, A. K., Fischer, C. P., Plomgaard, P., Andersen, J. L., Saltin, B., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005). Skeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day vs. training once daily. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00163.2004

Evidence against · 3
Similar Muscular Adaptations in Resistance Training Performed Two Versus Three Days Per Week -
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Similar Muscular Adaptations in Resistance Training Performed Two Versus Three Days Per Week - PMC Lock. (n.d.). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0062

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More for · 2
Day-to-day change in muscle strength and MRI-measured skeletal muscle size during 7 days KAATSU resistance training: A case study
2005
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Day-to-day change in muscle strength and MRI-measured skeletal muscle size during 7 days KAATSU resistance training: A case study. (2005). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.1.71

Increased muscle volume and strength following six days of low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscle blood flow
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Increased muscle volume and strength following six days of low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscle blood flow. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.4.1

More against · 2
Effect of sprint training: Training once daily versus twice every second day
2014
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Effect of sprint training: Training once daily versus twice every second day. (2014). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.932849

2 recorded entries grouped as this source

Additional records of the same source are shown below. They are not counted as additional sources.

Effect of sprint training: Training once daily versus twice every second day
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Effect of sprint training: Training once daily versus twice every second day. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.932849

Effect of sprint training on resting serum irisin concentration — Sprint training once daily vs. twice every other day
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Effect of sprint training on resting serum irisin concentration — Sprint training once daily vs. twice every other day. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.006

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