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the claim

Tornadoes require flat terrain to form.

the verdict
INSUFFICIENT LEANING
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 2 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that tornadoes require flat terrain to form?

Unclear. One peer-reviewed modeling study indicates that a smooth, flat upstream surface increases tornado potential, and a science-education article attributes tornado formation to air-mass interactions rather than flat terrain. Neither directly settles whether tornadoes require flat terrain to form.

Verdict: PARTIAL LEAN · 0 sources for, 2 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence against · 2
Upstream surface roughness and terrain are strong drivers of contrast in tornado potential between North and South America.
2024
Get citation
F, L., DR, C., B, M., KA, R., & KL, R. (2024). Upstream surface roughness and terrain are strong drivers of contrast in tornado potential between North and South America.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315425121

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More against · 1
Science 101: What Causes Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes?
2016
Get citation
Bill, R. (2016). Science 101: What Causes Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes?. eric.ed.gov. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1117254

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