The Indo-European languages originated from the Yamnaya culture.

Yamnaya culture. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamnaya_culture

Klejn, L. S., Haak, W., Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N., Reich, D., Kristiansen, K., Sjögren, K., Allentoft, M., Sikora, M., & Willerslev, E. (2017). Discussion: Are the Origins of Indo-European Languages Explained by the Migration of the Yamnaya Culture to the West?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.35

Indo-European cereal terminology suggests a Northwest Pontic homeland for the core Indo-European languages. (n.d.). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275744

Discussion: Are the Origins of Indo-European Languages Explained by the Migration of the Yamnaya Culture to the West? | European Journal of Archaeology | Cambridge Core Logo for Cambridge Core from Cambridge University Press. Click to return to homepage. Logo for Cambridge Core from Cambridge Univer. (n.d.). cambridge.org. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-archaeology/article/abs/discussion-are-the-origins-of-indoeuropean-languages-explained-by-the-migration-of-the-yamnaya-culture-to-the-west/9E34F625389AF81B7EC16012F1D21FD9

Ning, C., Wang, C., Gao, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, X., Zhang, F., Nie, Z., Tang, Y., Robbeets, M., Ma, J., Krause, J., & Cui, Y. (2019). Ancient Genomes Reveal Yamnaya-Related Ancestry and a Potential Source of Indo-European Speakers in Iron Age Tianshan.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.044

Henri, P. (2026). Sites of the Corded Ware and Yamnaya Cultures. zenodo.org. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19818624