The claim that spherical galaxies do not exist is refuted by astronomical observations and simulations, which regularly document spheroidal and elliptical galaxies.
Evidence against · 2
Strong Lensing by Galaxies.
2024 · cited by 2
Paper [2] discusses strong lensing by elliptical galaxies, which are spheroidal in shape.
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More against · 1
Discs no more: the morphology of low-mass simulated galaxies in FIREbox.
2025 · cited by 0
Paper [4] explicitly states that cosmological simulations predict and observe spheroidal galaxies supported by stellar velocity dispersion.