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the claim

Smoking reduces bone mineral density.

the verdict
INSUFFICIENT LEANING
Recorded sources
7 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that smoking reduces bone mineral density?

Unclear. Several cross-sectional studies report that smokers have lower bone mineral density than nonsmokers, in young men, premenopausal women, and men at the hip and forearm, but each covers only one population or site and none establishes the general causal claim.

Verdict: PARTIAL LEAN · 7 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 7
Smoking
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Smoking. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking

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More for · 6
Smoking Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density and Reduced Cortical Thickness in Young Men
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Smoking Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density and Reduced Cortical Thickness in Young Men. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1294

Can Melatonin Ameliorate Smoking-Related Cadmium-Induced Decreases in Bone Mineral Density?
2023
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Montgomery, M., Ritchie, M., & McKinnell, I. (2023). Can Melatonin Ameliorate Smoking-Related Cadmium-Induced Decreases in Bone Mineral Density?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1236.v1

The association between serum parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density, and the impact of smoking: the Tromsø Study
2008
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The association between serum parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density, and the impact of smoking: the Tromsø Study. (2008). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0610

Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Muscle Strength and Smoking Status in Adults Men After Spinal Cord Injuries
2021
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Kopiczko, A. & Cieplińska, J. (2021). Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Muscle Strength and Smoking Status in Adults Men After Spinal Cord Injuries. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-557612/v1

A Cross-Sectional Study of Smoking and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Parous Women: Effect of Body Mass Index, Breastfeeding, and Sports Participation
1999
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Jones, G. & Scott, F. S. (1999). A Cross-Sectional Study of Smoking and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Parous Women: Effect of Body Mass Index, Breastfeeding, and Sports Participation. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.9.1628

The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms -
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The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms - PMC Lock. (n.d.). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1206235

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