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the claim
Smoking is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 0 against
Is it true that smoking is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Yes. Cigarette smoking is widely recognized across major clinical literature as the predominant risk factor and primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Verdict: SUPPORTED · 3 sources for, 0 against · Last checked
The analysis
The claim is specific and falsifiable, passing Step 0. The retrieved papers (e.g., papers 1, 4, and 6) explicitly state or operate under the established scientific consensus that cigarette smoking is the predominant risk factor and primary cause of COPD. Thus, the claim is strongly supported.
Evidence for · 3
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L, N., BR, C., D, M., SI, R., A, A., S, L., P, M., D, O., JA, N., JA, W., R, C., R, G., & CL, R. (2026). A Brief History of COPD: As Told by Some of Its Senior Scientists and Clinicians.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103914
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More for · 2
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Y, C., Y, Z., C, L., Y, L., Q, T., H, Z., M, P., L, Y., T, Z., B, L., X, G., H, G., & W, X. (2026). Residential Green and Blue Space, the Natural Environment, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident COPD.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s627458
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G, B., J, W., Q, W., Y, H., H, L., Y, X., Y, L., E, Y., F, W., J, C., X, M., Y, Z., Y, Z., R, S., & P, R. (2026). Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression: Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Hyaluronic Acid Metabolism.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s608922
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