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the claim

Seven riffle shuffles are enough to mix a 52-card deck close to randomly.

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that Seven riffle shuffles are enough to mix a 52-card deck close to randomly?

Yes. A reference article on riffle shuffle permutations states that, based on the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds model, mathematicians recommend giving a 52-card deck seven riffles to thoroughly randomize it. Two peer-reviewed papers confirm the Bayer-Diaconis analysis of how many shuffles bring a 52-card deck close to random, though neither restates the seven-shuffle figure.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 3 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 3
Riffle shuffle permutation
Get citation
Riffle shuffle permutation. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle_shuffle_permutation

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More for · 2
How Many Shuffles to Mix a Deck?
1995
Get citation
Keller, J. B. (1995). How Many Shuffles to Mix a Deck?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1137/1037006

Riffle shuffles of a deck with repeated cards
2009
Get citation
Assaf, S., Diaconis, P., & Soundararajan, K. (2009). Riffle shuffles of a deck with repeated cards. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.2733

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