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the claim

Referees in soccer matches tend to favour home teams.

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
5 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that Referees in soccer matches tend to favour home teams?

Yes. Substantial empirical research demonstrates that soccer referees tend to favor home teams, largely due to social pressure and crowd support exerted by spectators during matches.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 5 sources for, 0 against · Last checked

The analysis

Multiple empirical studies and reviews consistently find that referees exhibit bias toward home teams, primarily driven by crowd noise and social pressure, as evidenced by disciplinary differences and data from matches played in empty stadiums during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evidence for · 5
Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies
2018
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Ponzo, M. & Scoppa, V. (2018). Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002516665794

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More for · 4
Home advantage and referee bias in European football
2012
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Goumas, C. (2012). Home advantage and referee bias in European football. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.686062

A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football
2022
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Sors, F., Grassi, M., Agostini, T., & Murgia, M. (2022). A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13681

The impact of crowd effects on home advantage of football matches during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review.
2023
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S, W. & Y, Q. (2023). The impact of crowd effects on home advantage of football matches during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289899

Home advantage and the influence of officiating decisions
2024
Get citation
Avugos, S. (2024). Home advantage and the influence of officiating decisions. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.55860/dubo8273

What does the evidence say?

Multiple empirical studies and reviews consistently find that referees exhibit bias toward home teams, primarily driven by crowd noise and social pressure, as evidenced by disciplinary differences and data from matches played in empty stadiums during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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