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People systematically prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, a pattern called present bias.
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SUPPORTED
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Is it true that people systematically prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, a pattern called present bias?
Yes. A reference definition states present bias is the tendency to settle for a smaller present reward rather than wait for a larger future reward, and several peer-reviewed studies report this preference in specific populations such as ADHD and psychiatric groups.
Verdict: SUPPORTED · 10 sources for, 0 against · Last checked
Evidence for · 10
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Present bias - Wikipedia. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_bias
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More for · 9
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Luo, S., Ainslie, G., Giragosian, L., & Monterosso, J. R. (2009). Behavioral and Neural Evidence of Incentive Bias for Immediate Rewards Relative to Preference-Matched Delayed Rewards. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4261-09.2009
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Marx, I., Hacker, T., Yu, X., Cortese, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. (2018). ADHD and the Choice of Small Immediate Over Larger Delayed Rewards: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Performance on Simple Choice-Delay and Temporal Discounting Paradigms. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054718772138
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Carlos, V. H. (2025). Delay discounting and anxiety: a systematic review on current evidence for clinical and non-clinical population. zenodo.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1645442
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Delay Discounting in Established and Proposed Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786358
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Leonard, G., Joel, M., & W., M. E. (2005). Temporal Discounting When the Choice Is Between Two Delayed Rewards. eric.ed.gov. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ734726
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Ziegler, F. V. & Tunney, R. J. (2012). Decisions for others become less impulsive the further away they are on the family tree.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049479
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Yu, X., Sonuga-Barke, E., & Liu, X. (2015). Preference for Smaller Sooner Over Larger Later Rewards in ADHD: Contribution of Delay Duration and Paradigm Type. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715570390
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Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102
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A., S. N. & R., G. J. (2008). Delay Discounting and Intelligence: A Meta-Analysis. eric.ed.gov. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2007.09.004
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