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the claim

Modern humans outside Africa carry roughly one to two percent Neanderthal DNA.

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
6 sources for · 1 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that modern humans outside Africa carry roughly one to two percent Neanderthal DNA?

Yes. Multiple sources state that non-African modern humans carry roughly 1-4% Neanderthal DNA, consistent with the claim's one-to-two percent range; one reanalysis paper argues the legacy is not appreciable, but the weight of the placed sources supports the claim.

Verdict: SUPPORTED · 6 sources for, 1 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 6
Ancient DNA and Neanderthals | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program
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Ancient DNA and Neanderthals | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program. (n.d.). humanorigins.si.edu. https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/ancient-dna-and-neanderthals

Evidence against · 1
The quantity of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans: a reanalysis relaxing the assumption of constant mutation rate
2016
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Amos, W. (2016). The quantity of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans: a reanalysis relaxing the assumption of constant mutation rate. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1101/065359

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More for · 5
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans - Wikipedia
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Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans - Wikipedia. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans

Neanderthal DNA and modern human origins
2013
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Neanderthal DNA and modern human origins. (2013). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.027

Interbreeding between archaic human groups and anatomically modern humans commonly occurring in prehistory
2020
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Interbreeding between archaic human groups and anatomically modern humans commonly occurring in prehistory. (2020). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2019-0669

Neanderthal Introgression: Integral to Non-African Human Genomic Diversity
2025
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Neanderthal Introgression: Integral to Non-African Human Genomic Diversity. (2025). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17777255

The Genetic Cost of Neanderthal Introgression
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The Genetic Cost of Neanderthal Introgression. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.186890

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