Many genome-wide association studies have shown that the influence of each single nucleotide polymorphism is small and that most reported genetic associations could be false positives.

What does the evidence say?

The retrieved papers widely acknowledge that complex traits are influenced by numerous variants with small effect sizes and that strict significance thresholds or correction methods are necessary due to the massive number of statistical tests performed in GWAS. While some papers propose methods to control false discovery rates or address genomic inflation rather than declaring most reported findings outright false, the fundamental premise that individual SNP effects are small and that multiple testing poses a major false-positive challenge is strongly supported across the literature.