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Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors causes stomach cancer.
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CONTESTED PARTIAL
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 5 against
Is it true that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors causes stomach cancer?
Partly. Evidence on whether long-term proton pump inhibitor use causes stomach cancer is mixed and largely observational. Several reviews and cohort studies report an association with increased gastric cancer risk, while a large Nordic case-control study, a meta-analysis of randomized trials, and older reviews found no significant association, and none of the placed sources establishes causation.
Verdict: CONTESTED PARTIAL · 3 sources for, 5 against · Last checked
Evidence for · 3
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Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors. (2023). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2023.59.2.115
Evidence against · 5
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Review article: the long‐term use of proton‐pump inhibitors. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02611.x
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More for · 2
Long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer: a review of the current evidence
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Cheung, K. S. & Leung, W. K. (2019). Long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer: a review of the current evidence. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284819834511
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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence - PMC Lock. (n.d.). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071970
More against · 4
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Long Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Stomach Cancer: An Umbrella Review with Updated Evidence through 2025. (2025). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.61336/ejcp/26-01-284
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Duru, O., Santoni, G., Holmberg, D., Birgisson, H., Kauppila, J. H., Euler-Chelpin, M. v., Ness-Jensen, E., & Lagergren, J. (2026). Long term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of stomach cancer: population based case-control study in five Nordic countries. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-086384
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Review article: potential gastrointestinal effects of long‐term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors. (n.d.). cir.nii.ac.jp. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00768.x
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Z, Z., Z, L., & Y, S. (2023). Long-term proton pump inhibitors use and its association with premalignant gastric lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1244400
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