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the claim

Homework improves academic achievement in primary school children.

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
2 sources for · 2 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that homework improves academic achievement in primary school children?

No. A reference overview states homework does not improve academic performance among young children, and a 24-country study of primary pupils found little evidence that assigned homework time relates to their achievement. A K-12 meta-analysis of E-homework reports a positive effect, but it is not specific to primary school.

Verdict: REFUTED · 2 sources for, 2 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 2
The effect of E-homework on K-12 students' academic achievements: a meta-analysis study.
2026
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Z, Y., Y, Y., & R, C. (2026). The effect of E-homework on K-12 students' academic achievements: a meta-analysis study.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1758739

Evidence against · 2
Homework
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Homework. (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homework

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More for · 1
Common Elements of Practice, Process and Implementation in Out-of-School-Time Academic Interventions for At-risk Children: a Systematic Review.
2020
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Engell, T., Kirkøen, B., Hammerstrøm, K. T., Kornør, H., Ludvigsen, K. H., & Hagen, K. A. (2020). Common Elements of Practice, Process and Implementation in Out-of-School-Time Academic Interventions for At-risk Children: a Systematic Review.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01091-w

More against · 1
The association between homework and primary school children's academic achievement. International evidence from PIRLS and TIMSS
2020
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Jerrim, J., Lopez‐Agudo, L. A., & Marcenaro‐Gutierrez, O. D. (2020). The association between homework and primary school children's academic achievement. International evidence from PIRLS and TIMSS. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12374

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