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the claim

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of breast cancer in women.

the verdict
CONTESTED PARTIAL
Recorded sources
5 sources for · 2 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Is it true that cigarette smoking increases the risk of breast cancer in women?

Partly. Several cohort and case-control studies report a modest increase in breast cancer risk among long-term or heavy smokers, but the increase is limited to subgroups such as premenopausal women, BRCA mutation carriers, or high-risk families. Other studies find no association or even reduced risk among young current smokers, so the evidence covers only part of the claim and points in both directions.

Verdict: CONTESTED PARTIAL · 5 sources for, 2 against · Last checked

The private library was unavailable for some searches in this check. Missing library results are not evidence against the claim.

Evidence for · 5
Cigarette smoking increases risk for breast cancer in high-risk breast cancer families.
2001
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Cigarette smoking increases risk for breast cancer in high-risk breast cancer families.. (2001). pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11319172

Evidence against · 2
Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk among young women (United States)
1998
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Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk among young women (United States). (1998). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008868922799

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More for · 4
N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, and breast cancer risk in the breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium.
2011
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N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, and breast cancer risk in the breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium.. (2011). hal.science. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr257

Smoking history and breast cancer risk by pathological subtype: MCC-Spain study -
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Smoking history and breast cancer risk by pathological subtype: MCC-Spain study - PMC Lock. (n.d.). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/174132

Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium
2019
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Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium. (2019). inserm.hal.science. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0546

Impact of smoking on subtypes and molecular profile of breast cancer: a systematic review.
2026
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G, N., A, B., G, K., A, D., VE, G., M, T., M, V., & A, D. (2026). Impact of smoking on subtypes and molecular profile of breast cancer: a systematic review.. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2026.1002376

More against · 1
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, TOBACCO SMOKING, AND BREAST CANCER RISK
1989
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ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, TOBACCO SMOKING, AND BREAST CANCER RISK. (1989). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90209-2

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