✓ checked
trust me, bro:
here is the receipt.
the claim
Adults are worse than children at learning a second language.
the verdict
CONTESTED PARTIAL
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 5 against
Is it true that adults are worse than children at learning a second language?
Partly. Evidence is mixed and only partial: some sources report children outperform adults in naturalistic settings, while others report adults do better in classrooms or on explicit learning, so the blanket claim is not settled either way.
Verdict: CONTESTED PARTIAL · 3 sources for, 5 against · Last checked
Evidence for · 3
Get citation
Suryantari, H. (2018). Children and Adults in Second-Language Learning. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.30651/tell.v6i1.2081
Evidence against · 5
Get citation
Dressman, M. & Sadler, R. W. (2020). The Handbook of Informal Language Learning. books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=fT_ADwAAQBAJ&dq=Adults+are+worse+than+children+at+learning+a+second+language.&hl=&as_pt=BOOKS&source=gbs_api
See more details
More for · 2
Get citation
Arnon, I. (2023). Starting Big: Why Is Learning a Language Harder for Adults Than for Children?. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1011546
Get citation
Starting Big: Why Is Learning a Language Harder for Adults Than for Children? · Frontiers for Young Minds. (n.d.). kids.frontiersin.org. https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2023.1011546
More against · 4
Get citation
Encyclopedia of Perception Volume 1 and 2. (n.d.). archive.org. https://archive.org/details/Encyclopedia_of_Perception_Volume_1_and_2
Get citation
The contributions of global spectral and amplitude structure to speech perception by English-speaking adults and children and Mandarin-speaking adults. (2007). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2942848
Get citation
Age effects in naturalistic and instructed second language acquisition. (2022). doi.org. https://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.14.10dek
Get citation
Mann, C., Canny, B. J., Reser, D. H., & Rajan, R. (2013). Poorer verbal working memory for a second language selectively impacts academic achievement in university medical students. doi.org. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.22
Receipt History
held for human review17 Oct 2026
Anyone with this link can read the claim and its public receipt, including any
personal information in that text. Open permanent receipt.
Check your own claim
Challenge the receipt
Requests are recorded for review. This does not start an automatic check
or guarantee a response time.
Citation formatting by citeproc-js (Frank Bennett) and the Citation Style Language project. Source and licenses.
This receipt is an automated verdict against our published method · not an opinion about any author or publication.
Terms · Privacy · How verdicts work
Terms · Privacy · How verdicts work