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Corn became the most produced crop in the world due to agricultural intensification.
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REFUTED
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3 sources for · 1 against

Available evidence indicates that while corn is a leading global cereal and among the most produced crops, it is identified specifically as the second most produced crop globally rather than the absolute top-ranked crop.

Evidence for · 3
Global maize production, consumption and trade: trends and R&D implications
2022 · cited by 1,126
Since its domestication some 9,000 years ago, maize (Zea mays L.; corn) has played an increasing and diverse role in global agri-food systems. Global maize production has surged in the past few decades, propelled by rising demand and a combination of technological advances, yield increases and area expansion. Maize is already the leading cereal in terms of production volume and is set to become the most widely grown and traded crop in the coming decade. It is a versatile multi-purpose crop, primarily used as a feed globally, but also is important as a food crop, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, besides other non-food uses. This paper reviews maize production, consumption, and international trade to examine the changing trends in global supply and demand conditions over the past quarter century and the implications for research and development (R&D), particularly in the Global South. The inclusiveness and sustainability of the ongoing transformation of agri-food systems in the Global South merit particular attention. There is a need for further investments in R&D, particularly to enhance maize’s food and livelihood security roles and to sustainably intensify maize production while staying within the planetary boundaries. Similar content being viewed by others Maize Productivity in the New Millennium Chapter © 2021 Advanced Production Technologies of Maize Chapter © 2019 Maize Genetics and Breeding Chapter © 2025 Explore related subjects Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning. Agricultural Economics Agriculture Crop waste Food Security Subsistence Agriculture Zea mays Sustainable Agroecological Practices in Milpa Systems 1 Introduction Wheat, maize and rice are the world’s leading staple cereals, each cultivated on some 200 million (M) ha (rounded). Maize is cross-pollinated and opened the prospects of hybrid vigor (heterosis), whereby the progeny of crosses between diverse inbred parents is superior to the parents. Hybrid maize seed requires new seed for every crop to maintain its potential and proved a particularly viable and attractive business model for the seed industry (Morris, 1998 ). The twentieth century saw the development and commercialization of the hybrid maize technology, originally in the USA and then spreading across the world to Latin America, Asia, Europe, and Africa (Byerlee, 2020 ). Extreme weather conditions can affect global agricultural production across ‘breadbaskets’ and major crops (e.g. maize, rice, wheat, and soybean) at the same time, potentially leading to simultaneous global breadbasket failures and fallouts thereof (Gaupp et al., 2020 ). Strategic cereal stocks could help buffer shocks and enhance the resilience of the global food system (Drechsler, 2021 ; Such intensive systems prevail in the Global North and can generate environmental externalities including pollution and land, water and ecosystem degradation. The North American corn belt is a case in point with algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico variously associated with agricultural runoff and eutrophication. This has led to increasing calls to increase nitrogen use efficiency and respecting nitrogen-boundaries (Chang et al., 2021 ). Such intensive systems at the same time open opportunities for environmental sustainability, including the origin and advent of conservation agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2014.05.008 Article Google Scholar Alvarez, F., Manalo, A., & Clarete, R. (2021). Economic Assessment of GM Corn Use in the Philippines. International Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 5 , 115–128. https://doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2021.03.016 Areal, F. J., Riesgo, L., & Rodriguez-Cerezo, E. (2013). Economic and agronomic impact of commercialized GM crops: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 151 , 7–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859612000111 Article Google Scholar Assefa, B. T., Chamberlin, J., Reidsma, P., Silva, J. V., & van Ittersum, M. K. (2020). https://www.fao.org/3/i2697e/i2697e.pdf Gwirtz, J. A., & Garcia-Casal, M. N. (2014). Processing maize flour and corn meal food products. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1312 , 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12299 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hellin, J., Dixon, J., Higman, S., & Keleman, A. (2011). High-Value Agricultural Products and Poverty Reduction: Smallholder Farmer Access to Maize Markets. Journal of Crop Improvement, 25 , 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.574224 Article Google Scholar Hellin, J., & Erenstein, O. (2009). Maize-poultry value chains in India: Implications for research and development. Journal of New Seeds, 10 , 245–263. Which farms feed the world and has farmland become more concentrated? World Development, 142 , 105455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105455 Article Google Scholar Loy, D. D., & Lundy, E. L. (2019). Nutritional Properties and Feeding Value of Corn and Its Coproducts. In: Serna-Saldivar, S.O. (Ed.), Corn (Third Edition). AACC International Press, Oxford, pp. 633–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811971-6.00023-1 Marenya, P. P., Erenstein, O., Prasanna, B., Makumbi, D., Jumbo, M., & Beyene, Y. (2018). Maize lethal necrosis disease: Evaluating agronomic and genetic control strategies for Ethiopia and Kenya. Agricultural Systems, 162 , 220–228. Maize systems under climate change in sub-Saharan Africa: Potential impacts on production and food security. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 7 , 247–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2014-0005 Article Google Scholar Tittonell, P., Gérard, B., & Erenstein, O. (2015). Tradeoffs around crop residue biomass in smallholder crop-livestock systems – What’s next? Agricultural Systems, 134 , 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2015.02.003 Article Google Scholar Tokarick, S. (2005). Who Bears the Cost of Agricultural Support in OECD Countries? The World Economy, 28 , 573–593.
Evidence against · 1
Food or Fuel? The Case for a US Strategic Corn Reserve and Food-Fuel Throttle to Reduce Global Hunger During Food Price Spikes
2024 · cited by 0
Corn, at 47 billion bushels annually, is the second most produced crop globally, serving as a key staple food for billions. The U.S. is the world's largest producer and consumer, producing 13.7 billion bushels in 2023. Out of this, the US uses roughly 40% to produce fuel for cars and trucks, because of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), with 40% used for animal feed and the remaining 20% going to food and other uses. In recent years, world events such as Covid and the Ukraine war have caused food price spikes, resulting in severe hunger for the global poor, especially the millions at the margi
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rails:sufficiency:refuted:single_source:for=0+3p:against=1+0p:partial_opposition=3 | v55:sufficiency

More for · 2
Protecting crop species from biotic and abiotic constraints in the era of Global Change: are we ready for this challenge?
2016 · cited by 0
Reliable andaffordable supply of food is of crucial importance to the progress andstability of human societies. During the last century, we have assisted to anextraordinary increase of crop yields, especially for the most widespread andconsumed crop species, such as rice, wheat, corn and soybean. The Broadbalkexperiment, one of the oldest continuous agronomic experiments in the world,have showed how half of the increase of crop productivity is mainly due to the improvementsintroduced through plant breeding and half through to agronomical practices,although both are dependent on each other (Rasmussen et al., 1998). The development of a huge numbers of scientificplant breeding programs has been of vital relevance in improving crop varietiesand productivity. In addition, collection and spread of improved germplasmaround the world have ensured that all breeders could quickly benefit from theadvances obtained by others. On the other side, based on Lawes and Gilbert'swork in the previous century, the main advances in agronomy consisted on thecontinued use of fertilizers, the true value of which could only be realized inthe presence of suitable varieties and in the absence (or under controlledpressure) of competition from weeds, pest and diseases. Therefore, cropprotection became crucial and it was achieved by the improvements of theagrochemical industry, which has developed sophisticated, high-targeting andmore efficient agrochemicals. Taken together, the use of new high-yieldvarie © 2016 Marco Landi and Giovanni Benelli. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Editorials Protecting Crop Species from Biotic and Abiotic Constraints in the Era of Global Change: Are we ready for this Challenge? Marco Landi and Giovanni Benelli Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Reliable and affordable supply of food is of crucial importance to the progress and stability of human societies. During the last century, we have assisted to an extraordinary increase of crop yields, especially for the most widespread and consumed crop species, such as rice, wheat, corn and soybean. The Broadbalk experiment, one of the oldest continuous agronomic experiments in the world, have showed how half of the increase of crop productivity is mainly due to the improvements introduced through plant breeding and half through to agronomical practices, although both are dependent on each other (Rasmussen et al ., 1998). The development of a huge numbers of scientific plant breeding programs has been of vital relevance in improving crop varieties and productivity. In addition, collection and spread of improved germplasm around the world have ensured that all breeders could quickly benefit from the advances obtained by others. On the other side, based on Lawes and Gilbert's work in the previous century, the main advances in agronomy consisted on the continued use of fertilizers, the true value of which could only be realized in the presence of suitable varieties and in the absence (or under controlled pressure) of competition from weeds, pest and diseases. Therefore, crop protection became crucial and it was achieved by the improvements of the agrochemical industry, which has developed sophisticated, high- targeting and more efficient agrochemicals. Taken together, the use of new high-yield varieties in association with chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals, controlled water-supply (irrigation), and new methods of cultivation, including mechanization, are commonly identified under the term “Green Revolution” which was conied between ’30 and ’60 and was responsible in some cases for doubling (or even triplicating) the agricultural production for many crops species, in particular cereals. The incremented crop productivity has brought many social gains, such as reducing the malnutrition, lowering food price, increasing food security. Moreover, since the economic sustainability is the most important factor for the adoption of a crop for farmers (Sgroi et al ., 2014; Testa et al ., 2015), the increased crop productivity occurred in the last decades, has determined a positive impact on the development of several rural areas. The increase of crop yield, has caused, on the other side, large changes in rural societies due to the migration of population from the countryside (caused by the decrease of manpower needs) to towns and cities where the industrialization offered more opportunities. Based on several reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, it emerges as the most hazardous effects of Global Change, such as rising temperatures and heat waves, prolonged periods of drought, and incremented levels of pollutants in all the compartments of biosphere can cause more frequent and severe fluctuations in crop productivity, but also can seriously threaten the availability of arable land; for example increasing the amplitude of soil/water salinization or soil erosion. Besides this, a further challenge for crop and livestock protection nowadays, is the improvement of the success of biological control programs, developing effective quarantine procedures and proper evaluation of the non- target effects of biocontrol agents (Hajek et al ., 2016). Furthermore, chemoecological knowledge However, practical applications of foraging kairomones seem to be restricted by major concerns including carnivorous arthropod habituation, carnivorous arthropod time-wasting on victim-free crops, exploitation of host-borne cues by hyperparasitoids and lack of foraging kairomones specificity due to tri- trophic interactions sharing a given habitat that use identical chemical signals, thus confounding species- specific biological control agents (Kaplan, 2012). Further research on new applications of physical and chemical signals exploited by carnivorous arthropods is urgently required.
Research on corn production efficiency and influencing factors of typical farms: Based on data from 12 corn-producing countries from 2012 to 2019 - PMC
cited by 0
esearched the corn production of typical farms in major corn-producing and importing countries around the world. I selected the corn input and output data of 18 typical farms in 12 countries from 2012 to 2019, used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to calculate the technical efficiency of corn production, and built a tobit model to explore the impact of farming methods, input elements, supporting services, and other factors on efficiency. The study established that the average comprehensive technical efficiency of corn production on a typical farm was 0.863, and the average loss was 13.7%. In addition, it concluded that intensive tillage and conservation tillage have high technical efficiency. It also demonstrated that the proportion of mechanical labour and technical efficiency is in a ‘U’-shaped relationship, among others. Introduction Corn is one of the most widely-planted crops in the world. It is grown in more than 170 regions globally. Corn production is highly concentrated in certain regions like North America, Asia, and South America. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, in 2020, corn production in the United States (US), China, Brazil, and Argentina accounted for 64.63% of global production [ 1 ]. In addition to holding inventory, a portion of the corn produced is consumed domestically, while the rest is exported. Corn exports and production are also highly concentrated. The main corn exporting countries are the US, Brazil, Argentina, and Ukraine. During 2020–2021, the cumulative corn exports of these four countries accounted for 88.12% of global exports [ 1 ]. This indicates that, although China is a major corn producer, it is not a major corn exporter. Global corn production is showing a slight downward trend, and the growth rate of consumption is higher than that of production. Global corn consumption is also highly concentrated. The US and China are the two largest corn consumers. In 2020, China’s corn consumption reached 27
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This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.
  1. Global maize production, consumption and trade: trends and R&D implicationspeer-reviewedno side taken
  2. Protecting crop species from biotic and abiotic constraints in the era of Global Change: are we ready for this challenge?peer-reviewedno side taken
  3. Research on corn production efficiency and influencing factors of typical farms: Based on data from 12 corn-producing countries from 2012 to 2019 - PMCofficial-recordno side taken
  4. Food or Fuel? The Case for a US Strategic Corn Reserve and Food-Fuel Throttle to Reduce Global Hunger During Food Price Spikesreferenceno side taken
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