<h4>Background</h4>For decades, regenerative medicine and dentistry have been improved with new therapies and innovative clinical protocols. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate through a critical review the recent innovations in the field of bone regeneration with a focus on the healing potentials and clinical protocols of bone substitutes combined with engineered constructs, growth factors and photobiomodulation applications.<h4>Methods</h4>A Boolean systematic search was conducted by PubMed/Medline, PubMed/Central, Web of Science and Google scholar databases according to the PRISMA guidelines.<h4>Results</h4>After the initial screening, a total of 304 papers were considered eligible for the qualitative synthesis. The articles included were categorized according to the main topics: alloplastic bone substitutes, autologous teeth derived substitutes, xenografts, platelet-derived concentrates, laser therapy, microbiota and bone metabolism and mesenchymal cells construct.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The effectiveness of the present investigation showed that the use of biocompatible and bio-resorbable bone substitutes are related to the high-predictability of the bone regeneration protocols, while the oral microbiota and systemic health of the patient produce a clinical advantage for the long-term success of the regeneration procedures and implant-supported restorations. The use of growth factors is able to reduce the co-morbidity of the regenerative procedure ameliorating the post-operative healing phase. The LLLT is an adjuvant protocol to improve the soft and hard tissues response for bone regeneration treatment protocols.

<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate if there is a connection between the causes of pulp necrosis (eg, caries, trauma, dental anomaly) and the success of regenerative endodontic treatment.<h4>Methods</h4>Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase) were searched for studies on regenerative endodontic treatment, which used both clinical and radiographic evaluation of root maturation after at least 6 months of follow-up. The search terms "necrotic pulp", "regenerative endodontic treatment", "revascularization", and "revitalization" were combined using Boolean operators. The main journals on endodontics and dental traumatology were additionally hand-searched. Studies were included if they specified the causes of pulp necrosis. The primary question under review was, "Does the cause of pulp necrosis affect the outcome of regenerative endodontic treatment?" Other factors such as tooth type, intracanal medicament, irrigation protocol, use of a collagen matrix, and the type of scaffold were evaluated for possible relation with the outcome. The risk-of-bias assessment for randomized and nonrandomized studies was performed separately, using a modified Cochrane Collaboration's tool and risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions-I tool, respectively. Meta-analysis was performed, when possible, between studies comparing treatment outcomes of teeth whose pulp necrosis had different etiology. The search strategy yielded 1197 items. After screening, 18 studies reporting 445 regenerative endodontic treatment cases were included.<h4>Results</h4>The overall success rate for 274 teeth with trauma etiology was 94.8%, for 95 teeth with dens evaginatus etiology was 93.1%, and for 24 teeth with caries etiology was 96%. No significant difference was found between the results of regenerative endodontic treatment among teeth with trauma, dens evaginatus, and caries etiology (P = .055). Meta-analysis of studies comparing teeth with caries vs dens evaginatus and those with trauma vs caries confirmed that there was no evidence for difference in outcomes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Further randomized studies specifically testing such hypothesis are needed to confirm the preliminary results of this review.

Despite the recent explosion of investigations on dental pulp regeneration using various tissue engineering strategies, the translation of the findings from such studies into therapeutic applications has not been properly achieved. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically review the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for dental pulp regeneration. A literature search was conducted using five electronic databases from their inception to January 2021 and supplemented by hand searches. A total of 17 studies, including two clinical trials and 15 animal studies using orthotopic pulp regeneration models, were included for the review. The risk of bias for the individual studies was assessed. This scoping review demonstrated that the regeneration of vascularized pulp-like tissue was achieved using the stem cell transplantation strategy in animal models. Autologous cell transplantation in two clinical studies also successfully regenerated vascularized vital tissue. Dental pulp stem cell subpopulations, such as mobilized dental pulp stem cells, injectable scaffolds such as atelocollagen, and a granulocyte-colony forming factor, were the most commonly used for pulp regeneration. The overall risk of bias was unclear for animal studies and was moderate or judged to raise some concerns for clinical studies. More high-quality clinical studies are needed to further determine the safety and efficacy of the stem cell transplantation strategy for dental pulp regeneration.

There were several materials used to seal different types of perforation defects. MTA is one of these restorative materials that is considered the most effective, biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-irritant; promote bone healing and cementum regeneration. The objective of this article was to review and summarize the sealing ability of MTA compared with the other materials used for sealing different types of root perforations of permanent teeth. A literature search was conducted using Medline, accessed via the National Library of Medicine Pub Med from 2005 to 2015 searching for articles related to sealing ability of MTA. This study found that factors affecting prognosis are the size, site of the perforation and time elapsed as well as the repair material. MTA is an important filling material to be used for sealing different types of perforations when perforated sites sealed immediately with MTA.

Advanced bioengineering, popularly known as regenerative dentistry, has emerged and is steadily developing with the aim of replacement of lost or injured tissues in the mouth using stem cells and other biomaterials. Conventional therapies for reparative dentistry, for instance fillings or crowns, mainly entail the replenishment of affected tissues without much concern given to the regeneration of tissues. However, these methods do not enable the natural function and aesthetics of the teeth to be maintained in the long term. There are several regenerative strategies that offer the potential to address these limitations to the extent of biologically restoring the function of teeth and their components, like pulp, dentin, bone, and periodontal tissues. Hence, stem cells, especially dental tissue derived stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, or apical papilla stem cells, are quite promising in this regard. These stem cells have the potentiality of generating precise dental cell lineages and thus are vital for tissue healing and renewal. Further, hydrogels, growth factors, and synthetic scaffolds help in supporting the stem cells for growth, proliferation, and differentiation into functional tissues. This review aims at describing the process of stem cell-based tissue repair biomaterials in dental regeneration, and also looks into the practice and prospects of regenerative dentistry, analysing several case reports and clinical investigations that demonstrate the efficacy and limitations of the technique. Nonetheless, the tremendous potential for regenerative dentistry is a reality that is currently challenged by biological and technical constraints, such as scarcity of stem cell sources, inadequate vascularization, and the integration of the materials used in the procedure. As we move forward, the prospects for regenerative dentistry are in subsequent developments of stem cell technology, biomaterial optimization, and individualized treatment methods, which might become increasingly integrated in dental practices globally. However, there are regulatory, ethical and economic issues that may pose a hurdle in the further advancement of this discipline.

Immature teeth with necrotic pulps present multiple challenges to clinicians. In such cases, regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) may be a favorable strategy. Cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules are three key elements of REPs. Autologous human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) play an important role in pulp regeneration. In addition, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have recently been demonstrated as effective biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative dentistry, whereas the latest generation of APCs—concentrated growth factor (CGF), especially liquid phase CGF (LPCGF)—has rarely been reported in REPs. A 31-year-old woman presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of occlusion discomfort in the left mandibular posterior region for the past 5 years. Tooth #35 showed no pulp vitality and had a periodontal lesion, and radiographic examination revealed that the tooth exhibited extensive periapical radiolucency with an immature apex and thin dentin walls. REP was implemented via transplantation of autologous hDPCs with the aid of LPCGF. The periodontal lesion was managed with simultaneous periodontal surgery. After the treatment, the tooth was free of any clinical symptoms and showed positive results in thermal and electric pulp tests at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. At 12-month follow-up, radiographic evidence and three-dimensional models, which were reconstructed using Mimics software based on cone-beam computed tomography, synergistically confirmed bone augmentation and continued root development, indicating complete disappearance of the periapical radiolucency, slight lengthening of the root, evident thickening of the canal walls, and closure of the apex. hDPCs combined with LPCGF represents an innovative and effective strategy for cell-based regenerative endodontics.

Harnessing natural developmental programs to repair and replace damaged organs represents promising approaches in regenerative medicine. However, effective strategies are still lacking for tissue regeneration in complicated conditions, such as the periodontal bone defect. Here, human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) and their aggregates (hDFSCA) are cultured and characterized, which are formed based on the inherent property of these stem cells self‐assembly into compact spheroid‐like structures, mimicking mesenchymal condensation in development. A periodontal tissue‐specific microenvironment simulation material is then established, human decellularized alveolar bone matrix particles (hDABMPs), which possess favorable physicochemical and biological properties for regenerative use. hDFSCs co‐cultured with hDABMPs exhibit improved cell function, and hDFSCA‐hDABMP co‐aggregates are subsequently constructed, which activate the developmental gene expression in hDFSCA and initiate hypoxic adaptation mechanisms for tissue regeneration. Indeed, hDFSCA‐hDABMP co‐aggregates significantly promote regeneration after implantation in alveolar bone defects with good biosafety. Interestingly, during the early stages of implantation, hDABMPs enhance hDFSC survival and expansion, thereby providing a sufficient source of cells for tissue regeneration. Collectively, this study reveals a development‐inspired, engineered cell‐niche co‐aggregation strategy for enhancing CA therapeutic potential by simulating tissue‐specific microenvironments, offering novel insights for functional tissue regeneration.

Background: Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is essential for preserving the vitality of young permanent teeth. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of Biodentine with other bio-ceramic materials, specifically evaluating clinical success, radiographic success and tooth discoloration outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Biodentine with other bio-ceramic materials in VPT for permanent teeth until 01 November 2024. Two independent reviewers screened studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible RCTs were assessed for risk of bias, following data were extracted and the meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 8 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that clinical success rates for Biodentine were 99.38% at 6 months, 94.20% at 12 months and 87.38% at 18 months. Other bio-ceramic materials achieved clinical success rates of 98.15%, 92.59% and 88.35% at the same time intervals. Radiographically, Biodentine demonstrated an overall success rate of 93.87%, compared to 91.04% for other bio-ceramic materials. No significant differences were observed in clinical or radiographic success rates between Biodentine and other materials over 6–18 months of follow-up (p &gt; 0.05). However, Biodentine exhibited a significantly lower tooth discoloration rate compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) at the final follow-up (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Biodentine showed clinical and radiographic success rates comparable to other bio-ceramic materials in VPT for young permanent teeth, with the added advantage of significantly reducing the incidence of tooth discoloration. The PROSPERO Registration: number CRD42024599307.

Dental pulp has capacity to regenerate under certain conditions. Due to recent advances in dental materials and techniques newer methods of regeneration of the pulp tissue are replacing traditional method of pulp therapy. Pulp revascularization play a vital role in apical closure of the root. This article is an attempt to review the procedure of revascularization in tooth as well as materials used.

Tooth organogenesis and regeneration - StemBook - NCBI Bookshelf # Bookshelf Search databaseBooksAll DatabasesAssemblyBiocollectionsBioProjectBioSampleBooksClinVarConserved DomainsdbGaPdbVarGeneGenomeGEO DataSetsGEO ProfilesGTRIdentical Protein GroupsMedGenMeSHNLM CatalogNucleotideOMIMPMCProteinProtein ClustersProtein Family ModelsPubChem BioAssayPubChem CompoundPubChem SubstancePubMedSNPSRAStructureTaxonomyToolKitToolKitAllToolKitBookgh Search term Search NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StemBook [Internet]. Cambridge (MA): Harvard Stem Cell Institute; 2008-. doi: 10.3824/stembook.1.37.1 ## StemBook [Internet]. Show details Cambridge (MA): Harvard Stem Cell Institute; 2008-. Search term # Tooth organogenesis and regeneration* Irma Thesleff and Mark Tummers. Author Information and Affiliations #### Authors Irma Thesleff1,§ and Mark Tummers1. #### Affiliations 1 Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland § To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: if.iknisleh@ffelseht.amri Published January 31, 2009. Mammalian teet