sed on ACIP recommendations. Post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations Clinical assessment for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis Following a potential rabies exposure, public health professionals should perform a risk assessment to determine if rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is needed. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) rabies PEP recommendations consists of: Wound care A dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) Rabies vaccine given at the time of the first medical visit, and a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14 after the first dose. Keep Reading Use of a Reduced (4-Dose) Vaccine Schedule for Postexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Wound care Regardless of the risk for rabies, bite wounds can cause serious injury, including but not limited to nerve or tendon laceration and infection. For many types of bite wounds, immediate and gentle irrigation with water or a dilute water povidone-iodine solution has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of bacterial infection. Wound cleansing is especially important in rabies prevention. In animal studies, thorough wound cleansing alone without other medical treatments (e.g., vaccine) has been shown to markedly reduce the likelihood of developing rabies. Make decisions regarding the use of antibiotics and primary wound closure together with the patient. Human rabies immune globulin People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for rabies should not receive human rabies immune globulin (HRIG). HRIG is administered only once at the beginning of the PEP course. HRIG provides immediate antibodies until rabies vaccination provides immunogenicity. HRIG should never be administered in the same syringe or in the same anatomical site as the first vaccine dose. However, subsequent doses of vaccine in the four-dose series can be administered in the same anatomic loca PEP recommendations differ for people depending on previous rabies vaccine status, and for those who are immunocompromised. Never administer the first vaccine dose in the same syringe or in the same anatomical site as HRIG. Use CDC's rabies PEP calculator to generate and evaluate rabies PEP vaccination schedules based on ACIP recommendations. Post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations Clinical assessment for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis Following a potential rabies exposure, public health professionals should perform a risk assessment to determine if rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is needed. Human rabies immune globulin People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for rabies should not receive human rabies immune globulin (HRIG). HRIG is administered only once at the beginning of the PEP course. HRIG provides immediate antibodies until rabies vaccination provides immunogenicity. HRIG should never be administered in the same syringe or in the same anatomical site as the first vaccine dose. However, subsequent doses of vaccine in the four-dose series can be administered in the same anatomic location where the HRIG dose was administered. Keep Reading Rabies Biologics PEP for individuals without previous rabies vaccination Treatment Regimen Wound care All PEP should begin with immediate and thorough cleansing of all wounds with soap and water. If available, use a virucidal agent such as a povidone-iodine solution to irrigate the wounds. HRIG If possible, infiltrate the full dose around any wound(s). Administer any remaining volume intramuscularly at an anatomical site distant from vaccine administration. Do not administer HRIG in the same syringe as a vaccine. Do not give more than the recommended dose. Vaccine Administer 1.0 mL of Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine (HDCV) or Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV) intramuscularly in the deltoid area (for children, anterolateral aspect of the thigh is acceptable). Do not administer If available, use a virucidal agent such as a povidone-iodine solution to irrigate the wounds. RIG Do not administer RIG. Vaccine HDCV or PCECV 1.0 mL, intramuscularly in the deltoid area (for children anterolateral aspect of the thigh is acceptable). Do not administer vaccines in the gluteal area. One each on days 0 and 3. Precautions and contraindications for rabies vaccination There are no known contraindications for rabies vaccination. Pregnancy is not a contraindication for rabies PEP, and exposure to rabies or a rabies diagnosis in the mother does not require pregnancy termination. PEP is suitable for all age groups including infants and children. For immunosuppressed or immunocompromised individuals, rabies PEP should be administered using a 5-dose vaccine regimen, which includes one dose of vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Help patients understand that their immune response may be inadequate. Avoid immunosuppressive agents during rabies PEP unless essential for treating other conditions. Patients on immunosuppressive medications should consult with their healthcare providers about the possibility of delaying these treatments during PEP. After completing the vaccine series, test the patient for rabies virus neutralizing antibody. The patient's physician and public health officials should guide further management. On This Page Post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations PEP for individuals without previous rabies vaccination PEP for individuals with previous rabies vaccination Precautions and contraindications for rabies vaccination Care received outside of the U.S. Aug. 11, 2026 Sources and Page Info Print Share Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Syndicate Content Source National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) About This Page Published: July 15, 2025 Updated: August 11, 2026 This page was last updated on this date. Updates may include minor edits, image changes, or other modifications to page content.

Aims: To review canine rabies, mass parental vaccination, human post-exposure prophylaxis, gene therapy and costs for fighting rabies. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Science – Other, Nelwan Institution for Human Resource Development, Indonesia, between December 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: The author searched the Pubmed Database at NCBI for articles on rabies disease published between 2007 and 2018. All articles were open access and in English. For rabies virus examination, Seller’s test was used. In this article, references written by the author and other relevant publications were included. The author reviewed a rabies dog case kept at Nelwan Institution for Human Resource Development. Results: The dog showed clinical signs such as inappetance, urinary frequency and soaking in a small, juicy drain. Currently, to treat rabies, no drugs are available. For rabies prevention, vaccination is the best way. To eradicate rabies, mass vaccination in dogs, post-exposure prophylaxis, and gene therapy should be used.  Fort rabies disease eradication, minimum of 70% of the dog population should receive the vaccination. In addition, humans with category II exposure should receive a rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusion: To eradicate rabies, vaccinations are required. In addition, gene therapy can eliminate rabies from the infected neurons by using rAAV-N796. CRISPR/Cas9 system in combination with the MMEJ-based method. Furthermore, mass parental vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and gene therapy can reduce costs in controlling rabies disease.