The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of information security management through the use of 5G networks. The transition to the fifth-generation network does not solve the existing problems of information security and leads to the emergence of new threats. The main objective of each modulation method of signals is to ensure high bandwidth, proper transmission quality in a noisy communication channel, using the minimum amount of energy. One of the most effective indicators of increasing the level of information security in wireless networks is quadrature modulation, which is used in such networks as: LTE, WiMAX, McWill, DVB-T (T2), Wi-Fi and other radio access networks [1]. One of the promising directions for the development of 5G networks is the use of higher frequency ranges, such as the range of millimeter waves (from 30 to 300 GHz) [2, 3]. A feature of the millimeter wave range is that they provide much wider spectral bands, making it possible to significantly increase the bandwidth in the channels. Thus, when studying prospective protected information systems based on the use of 5G network technology, it is advisable to use a simulation of the signals of the channel-level interaction of subscribers, which allows you to evaluate the basic security parameters at the physical level. Materials and research methods. Fifth generation networks will simultaneously look like any previous generation of mobile networks, and at the same time they will differ significantly from them – and there are a number of explanations that become more obvious if you think about how these changes affect the principles of user and equipment safety networks of the fifth generation. Widespread in the field of digital information transmission, including 5G networks, has received combinational modulation, called quadrature amplitude modulation. Multiposition signals have the greatest spectral efficiency, of which four-position phase modulation and sixteen-position quadrature amplitude modulation are most often used. The quadrature amplitude modulation is a kind of multi-position amplitude-phase modulation, in addition to the phase, the amplitude of the signal for a given type of modulation will also carry information. This leads to the fact that for a given frequency band the amount of transmitted information increases. A brief overview of the existing modulation approaches is presented OFDM (english. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) [4, 5] systems and methods for forming solutions of signal modulation problems for building such systems/ Results. Currently, OFDM technology is widely used in modern wireless Internet systems. High data transfer rates in OFDM systems are achieved using parallel information transfer over a large number of orthogonal frequency subchannels (subcarriers) [6]. The method of synthesizing signal-code constructions with orthogonal frequency multiplexing provides for different scenarios for the use of semi-square modulation depending on the requirements for interception protection, as well as balancing between spectral and energy efficiency. This method can be used in two cases: with alternative and consistent transmission of signals. In the case of alternative transmission, only one of the four subcarriers is used during one channel interval. For efficient use of bandwidth, the proposed method involves the use of the spectrum of three other subcarriers for data transmission in D2D channels (this creates a connection between two user devices that are in close proximity), which allows you to further avoid interference between fixed channels and D2D communication channels. Findings. At present, 5G networks can be considered as one of the necessary components of the digital transformation and digital economy, while the main task in ensuring security in cellular communications is protection against eavesdropping. However, in the future world of smartphones and the Internet of things, in environments with a lar

INTRODUCTION: The most flexible and reliable technological system is Wi-Fi, which is made possible by a wireless connection that transmits data using radio frequencies. Wi-Fi networks, however, encounter numerous issues related to power supply, availability, efficiency, and security as a result of the various access points. While relational waves describe the medical device, Wi-Fi radios produce radio waves that are very dangerous for patients. This document offers line-of-sight communication between the transmitter and receiver using LED technology. Li-Fi technology is a method that transmits audio data using LED light, which is faster and more efficient than Wi-Fi. Since it is practically ubiquitous, light can be used for communication as well. A cutting-edge technology called optical communication includes a subset called light fidelity. By sending out visible light, the Li-Fi device enables wireless intranet communication. This paper is an in-depth study and analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a novel technology that transmits data at high speeds over a wide spectrum by using light as a medium of transmission. The research fields that are pertinent to Li-Fi networks are thoroughly analyzed and categorized in this paper.OBJECTIVES: High speed data transmission, receive, share, broadcast through light in free space optical communication system by Li-Fi technology.METHODS: We followed some methods and developed a unique method to develop this project. which is VLC, OOK, a La

Abstract The most flexible and reliable technological system is Wi-Fi, which is made possible by a wireless connection that transmits data using radio frequencies. Wi-Fi networks, however, encounter numerous issues related to power supply, availability, efficiency, and security as a result of the various access points. While relational waves describe the medical device, Wi-Fi radios produce radio waves that are very dangerous for patients. This document offers line-of-sight communication between the transmitter and receiver using LED technology. Li-Fi technology is a method that transmits audio data using LED light, which is faster and more efficient than Wi-Fi. Since it is practically ubiquitous, light can be used for communication as well. A cutting-edge technology called optical communication includes a subset called light fidelity. By sending out visible light, the Li-Fi device enables wireless intranet communication. This paper is an in-depth study and analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a novel technology that transmits data at high speeds over a wide spectrum by using light as a medium of transmission. The research fields that are pertinent to Li-Fi networks are thoroughly analyzed and categorized in this paper: high speed data transmission, receiving, sharing, broadcasting through light in free space optical communication system by Li-Fi technology. In this paper, we followed some methods and developed a unique method to develop this study: VLC, OOK, a Lambertian disc

achieved. Wi-Fi most commonly uses the 2.4 gigahertz (120 mm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (60 mm) SHF radio bands, with the 6 gigahertz SHF band used in newer Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer networks, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices and to provide Internet access with wirele Wi-Fi is part of the IEEE 802 protocol family. The data is organized into 802.11 frames that are very similar to Ethernet frames at the data link layer, but with extra address fields. MAC addresses are used as network addresses for routing over the LAN. Wi-Fi's MAC and physical layer (PHY) specifications are defined by IEEE 802.11 for modulating and receiving one or more carrier waves to transmit the data in the infrared, and 2.4, 3.6, 5, 6, or 60 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). The base version of the standard was released in 1997 and has had many subsequent amendments. The standard and amendments provide the basis for wireless network products using the Wi-Fi brand. While each amendment is officially revoked when incorporated in the latest version of the standard, the corporate world tends to market to the revisions because they concisely denote capabilities of their products. As a result, in the market place, each revision tends to become its own standard. In addition to 802.11, the IEEE 802 protocol family has specific provisions for Wi-Fi. These are required because Ethernet's cable-based media are not usually shared, whereas with wireless all transmissions are received by all stations within the range that employ that radio channel. While Ethernet has essentially negligible error rates, wireless communication media are subject to significant interference. Therefore, the accurate transmission is not guaranteed so delivery is, therefore, a best-effort delivery mechanism. Because of this, for Wi-Fi, the Logical Link Control (LLC) specified by IEEE 802.2 employs Wi-Fi's media access control (MAC) protocols to manage retries without relying on higher levels of the protocol stack. For internetworking purposes, Wi-Fi is usually layered as a link layer below the internet layer of the Internet Protocol. This means that nodes have an associated internet address and, with suitable connectivity, this allows full Internet access.

In a cloud-based network architecture, the central unit (CU) at the cloud coordinates wireless nodes such as the remote access units (RAUs) at the edges of the network and manages most functions for providing wireless connectivity services to clients. The CU facilitates efficient communication resource management such as radio frequency or transmission power of RAUs by global resource coordination. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based Wi-Fi network architecture consisting of a CU and RAUs as an improvement on the conventional Wi-Fi architecture with traditional access points (APs). We then propose a method for uplink data transmission in a cloud-based Wi-Fi network. In a conventional Wi-Fi network with independently operating APs, APs close to each other may not be able to utilize the same frequency band efficiently because of significant amounts of interference. However, in a cloud-based Wi-Fi network, the CU coordinates RAUs so that they can operate in the same frequency band by transmitting or receiving signals through the shared wireless medium to improve spectral efficiency. For each frequency band, the proposed system utilizes a diversity combining that combines multiple signals and introduces a single improved signal with high signal-to-noise ratio for uplink transmission in the cloud-based Wi-Fi network. In our proposed uplink transmission method for a cloud-based Wi-Fi network, we utilize diversity combining with the immediate acknowledgement (ACK) transmission me

This paper investigates classification features of five static Wi-Fi radio link obstruction scenarios based on Channel State Information (CSI) extracted using ESP32-S3 microcontrollers in promiscuous mode. A comparative analysis of the multidimensional CSI profile (114 frequency subcarriers) and the classical RSSI metric was conducted on a dataset of 22,500 packets. The averaged CSI amplitude provides high inter-class separability (Fisher Ratio = 2.65). Although the interquartile ranges of for specific scenario pairs do not overlap, the Silhouette Score (−0.003) in the PCA space indicates a partial overlap of semantically similar clusters. Machine learning evaluation (k-NN, SVM) demonstrated that while the windowed RSSI vector [, ] at W=50 achieves the highest overall accuracy due to temporal aggregation (~0.5 s delay), the multidimensional CSI spectral analysis enables instantaneous packet classification (SVM accuracy 76.9%, F1-score 0.756) and provides better structural differentiation of adjacent classes with similar attenuation levels. The findings, obtained under a specific laboratory configuration (ESP32-S3, 24 m² room, 28 active APs), establish an experimental basis for developing cooperative spatial monitoring methods under similar deployment conditions. Keywords: channel state information, classification algorithms, dimensionality reduction, embedded systems, feature extraction, microcontrollers, OFDM, principal component analysis, received signal strength indicator, wireless LAN.